Wearable and mobile brain computer interface (BCI) device and method

ABSTRACT

This invention is a wearable and mobile Brain Computer Interface (BCI) device which can be embodied in a head-worn undulating band. This band can have an ear-engaging segment, a side segment which spans the side part of a person&#39;s forehead and/or face, and a top segment which spans the top of the person&#39;s head. This band can encircle a person&#39;s head and include an ear prong. This band can include a movable loop which can be moved to span across a person&#39;s forehead.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application: • is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/599,522 entitled “Mobile WearableElectromagnetic Brain Activity Monitor” by Robert A. Connor with afiling date of Jan. 18, 2015 which: (1) was a continuation in part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/562,719 entitled “WillpowerGlasses™—A Wearable Food Consumption Monitor” by Robert A. Connor with afiling date of Dec. 7, 2014 which claimed the priority benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/932,517 entitled “Nutrode™:Wearable EEG Monitor for Modifying Food Consumption” by Robert A. Connorwith a filing date of Jan. 28, 2014; (2) claimed the priority benefit ofU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/932,517 entitled “Nutrode™:Wearable EEG Monitor for Modifying Food Consumption” by Robert A. Connorwith a filing date of Jan. 28, 2014; (3) claimed the priority benefit ofU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/939,244 entitled“Brainwave-Controlled Eyewear” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date ofFeb. 12, 2014; (4) claimed the priority benefit of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/017,615 entitled “Nervision™ IntegratedEyewear and EEG Monitor” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date of Jun.26, 2014; and (5) claimed the priority benefit of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/089,696 entitled “ElectroencephalographicEyewear” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date of Dec. 9, 2014; •claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/160,172 entitled “Hair-Engaging Mobile Brain Activity Monitor” byRobert A. Connor with a filing date of May 12, 2015; • claims thepriority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/169,661entitled “Internet of Thinks (IoT): A Brain Computer Interface (BCI)Using EEG Patterns Associated with the Same Command Across DifferentAction Modes” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date of Jun. 2, 2015; •claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/303,126 entitled “Undulating Mobile EEG Monitor Spanning a Portion ofthe Forehead” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date of Mar. 3, 2016;and • claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/322,594 entitled “Halo-Style Mobile Electroencephalographic (EEG)Monitor” by Robert A. Connor with a filing date of Apr. 14, 2016. Theentire contents of these related applications are incorporated herein byreference.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

Not Applicable

SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND Field of Invention

This invention relates to devices and methods for monitoringelectromagnetic brain activity.

Introduction

This invention relates to mobile and wearable Brain Computer Interface(BCI) devices and methods for measuring electromagnetic energy from aperson's brain. The ability to measure electromagnetic brain activity(such as electroencephalographic EEG activity) with a mobile wearabledevice allows such measurement while a person is ambulatory. With amobile and wearable device, a person is free to do their normalactivities. This provides useful information which is not possible withEEG monitoring devices which require that the person stay in fixedlocation (such as a hospital or medical office) with wires sproutingfrom their head like a modern-day Medusa. This present invention doesoffer some innovative device designs and methods which do not appear tobe anticipated by the prior art.

Review and Categorization of the Relevant Art

It can be challenging trying to classify relevant art in this field intodiscrete categories. However, classification of relevant art intocategories, even if imperfect, can be an invaluable tool for reviewingthe relevant art. Towards this end, I herein identify 12 categories ofrelevant art and provide examples of relevant art in each category(including patent or patent application number, inventor, publicationdate, and title). Some examples of relevant art disclose multipleconcepts and thus appear in more than one category.

The 12 categories of relevant art which are used for this review are asfollows: (1) device with [multiple] front-to-back arcuate members andEEG/brainwave sensors; (2) device with [multiple] side-to-side arcuatemembers and EEG/brainwave sensors; (3) device with multiplecross-crossing arcuate members and EEG/brainwave sensors; (4) devicewith multiple arms radially-extending from side and EEG/brainwavesensors; (5) device with multiple arms radially-downward from top andEEG/brainwave sensors; (6) device with multiple arms radially-forwardfrom rear and EEG/brainwave sensors; (7) device with multiple armsradially-backward from front and EEG/brainwave sensors; (8) device withcircular horizontal loop (e.g. headband style) and EEG/brainwavesensors; (9) device with top semicircular loop (e.g. headphone style)and EEG/brainwave sensors; (10) device with rear semicircular loop andEEG/brainwave sensors; (11) device with frontal semicircular loop andEEG/brainwave sensors; and (12) device like eyeglasses or other eyewearwith EEG/brainwave sensors.

I have labeled this section as a review of the relevant art, instead ofa review of the prior art, for two reasons. First, some of the artincluded in this review has a priority date after the priority date ofthis disclosure, so I do not wish to call all of this art “prior.”Second, some of the examples in this present disclosure can beclassified into one or more of these categories but are nonethelessnovel, so I do not wish to imply that all of the art in these categoriesis “prior”. These caveats notwithstanding, I hope that the reader findsthis review and categorization of the relevant art to be useful.

1. Device with [Multiple] Front-to-Back Arcuate Member(s) andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using (multiple) arcingmember(s) which span a person's head from front-to-back (or vice versa).Devices in this category can look similar to some types of bicyclehelmets with front-to-back arcuate members. In an example, thefront-to-back arcing members can converge at the forehead and at therear of the head. In an example, a device in this category can comprise:a first arcuate member which encircles a person's head: a second arcuatemember which loops front-to-back over the top of the head; and third andfourth arcuate members which loop front-to-back over the sides of thehead between the first and second members. Devices in this category canhold a relatively large number of electromagnetic brain activity sensorsalong arcuate front-to-rear lines on a person's head. However, suchdevices tend to be too obtrusive to wear during the activities of dailylife.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 3,998,213 (Price, Dec. 21, 1976, “Self-Adjustable Holder forAutomatically Positioning Electroencephalographic Electrodes”), U.S.Pat. No. 8,355,769 (Levendowski et al., Jan. 15, 2013, “System for theAssessment of Sleep Quality in Adults and Children”), U.S. Pat. No.8,463,354 (Fadem, Jun. 11, 2013, “Electrode System with Rigid-FlexCircuit”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,639,313 (Westbrook et al, Jan. 28, 2014,“System for the Assessment of Sleep Quality in Adults and Children”);and U.S. patent applications 20100125190 (Fadem, May 20, 2010,“Electrode System”), 20100240982 (Westbrook et al., Sep. 23, 2010,“System for the Assessment of Sleep Quality in Adults and Children”),and 20130131464 (Westbrook et al., May 23, 2013, “System for theAssessment of Sleep Quality in Adults and Children”).

2. Device with [Multiple] Side-to-Side Arcuate Member(s) andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using (multiple) arcingmember(s) which span a person's head from side to side. In an example,side-to-side arcing members can converge near, or over, the person'sears. In an example, devices in this category can be similar to those inthe previous category, except having been rotated 90 degrees so that thearcuate members converge on the sides of the person's head rather thanthe front and rear of the person's head. Devices in this category canhold a relatively large number of electromagnetic brain activity sensorsalong arcuate side-to-side lines on a person's head. However, suchdevices tend to be too obtrusive to wear during the activities of dailylife.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 4,836,219 (Hobson et al., Jun. 6, 1989, “Electronic Sleep MonitorHeadgear”), U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,351 (Mann, Sep. 1, 1998, “ElectrodeSupporting Head Set”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,574,513 (Collura et al., Jun. 3,2003, “EEG Electrode Assemblies”), U.S. Pat. No. 7,158,822 (Payne Jr.,Jan. 2, 2007, “Electrode Holder, Headwear, and Wire Jacket Adapted forUse in Sleep Apnea Testing”), and U.S. Pat. No. 7,885,706 (Ludvig etal., Feb. 8, 2011, “System and Device for Seizure Detection”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20030018278 (Jordan, Jan. 23, 2003,“Electroencephalogram Acquisition Unit and System”), 20050277821 (Payne,Dec. 15, 2005, “Electrode Holder, Headwear, and Wire Jacket Adapted forUse in Sleep Apnea Testing”), 20070112262 (Payne, May 17, 2007,“Electrode Holder, Headwear, and Wire Jacket Adapted for Use in SleepApnea Testing”), 20080082019 (Ludving et al., Apr. 3, 2008, “System andDevice for Seizure Detection”), 20090281446 (Ludvig et al., Nov. 12,2009, “System and Device for Seizure Detection”), 20110015503 (Joffe etal., Jan. 20, 2011, “Medical Apparatus for Collecting PatientElectroencephalogram (EEG) Data”), and 20110270117 (Warwick et al., Nov.3, 2011, “Remote Continuous Seizure Monitor and Alarm”).

3. Device with Multiple Cross-Crossing Arcuate Members and EEG/BrainwaveSensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using multiple arcingmembers which span a person's head from front-to-rear and also multiplearcing members which span a person's head from side-to-side. In anexample, the front-to-rear arcuate members and the side-to-side arcuatemembers can form a criss-cross pattern on the person's head. Devices inthis category can hold a relatively large number of electromagneticbrain activity sensors on a person's head. However, such devices tend tobe too obtrusive to wear during the activities of daily life.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 3,998,213 (Price, Dec. 21, 1976, “Self-Adjustable Holder forAutomatically Positioning Electroencephalographic Electrodes”), U.S.Pat. No. 5,293,867 (Oommen, Mar. 15, 1994, “Method and Apparatus forMarking Electrode Locations for Electroencephalographic Procedure”),U.S. Pat. No. 5,479,934 (Imran, Jan. 2, 1996, “EEG Headpiece withDisposable Electrodes and Apparatus and System and Method for UseTherewith”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,617 (Katz, Dec. 3, 2002, “Method andDevice for Producing a Desired Brain State”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,463,354(Fadem, Jun. 11, 2013, “Electrode System with Rigid-Flex Circuit”); andU.S. patent applications 20030018278 (Jordan, Jan. 23, 2003,“Electroencephalogram Acquisition Unit and System”), and 20100125190(Fadem, May 20, 2010, “Electrode System”).

4. Device with Multiple Arms Radially-Extending from Side andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using multiplesensor-holding protrusions, fingers, or arms which extend radiallyoutward from a central position on one side (or from central positionson both sides) of a person's head. In an example, such devices caninclude bilateral clusters (one on each side of the head) ofradially-extending protrusions, fingers, or arms. In an example,radially-extending protrusions, fingers, or arms can curve around thehead toward the front, top, and/or rear portions of the head. To usecolorful language, some such devices can look like a wearer has one ortwo starfish (or even octopi) clinging to the sides of their head. Suchdevices can be less obtrusive than those in the preceding categories(especially when they do not span the forehead or the top of the head),but can still attract attention if worn during the activities of dailylife.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 5,954,667 (Finkenzeller et al., Sep. 21, 1999, “Device for DerivingAcoustically Evoked Brain Potentials”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,271,075 (Chuanget al., Sep. 18, 2012, “Audio Headset with Bio-Signal Sensors”), U.S.Pat. No. 8,392,250 (Pradeep et al., Mar. 5, 2013, “Neuro-ResponseEvaluated Stimulus in Virtual Reality Environments”), U.S. Pat. No.8,392,251 (Pradeep et al., Mar. 5, 2013, “Location Aware Presentation ofStimulus Material”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,396,744 (Pradeep et al., Mar. 12,2013, “Effective Virtual Reality Environments for Presentation ofMarketing Materials”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,548,852 (Pradeep et al., Oct. 1,2013, “Effective Virtual Reality Environments for Presentation ofMarketing Materials”), and U.S. Pat. No. 8,655,428 (Pradeep et al., Feb.18, 2014, “Neuro-Response Data Synchronization”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20070106169 (Fadem, May 10, 2007, “Method andSystem for an Automated E.E.G. System for Auditory Evoked Responses”),20070191727 (Fadem, Aug. 16, 2007, “Evoked Response Testing System forNeurological Disorders”), 20070225585 (Washbon and Delic, Sep. 27, 2007,“Headset for Electrodes”), 20070238945 (Delic et al., Oct. 11, 2007,“Electrode Headset”), 20080208072 (Fadem et al., Aug. 28, 2008,“Biopotential Waveform Data Fusion Analysis and Classification Method”),20110237971 (Pradeep et al., Sep. 29, 2011, “Discrete Choice ModelingUsing Neuro-Response Data”), and 20110282231 (Pradeep et al., Nov. 17,2011, “Mechanisms for Collecting Electroencephalography Data”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20110282232 (Pradeep et al., Nov. 17, 2011,“Neuro-Response Data Synchronization”), 20120072289 (Pradeep et al.,Mar. 22, 2012, “Biometric Aware Content Presentation”), 20130131537(Tam, May 23, 2013, “Tong Ren Brainwave Entrainment”), 20130185144(Pradeep et al., Jul. 18, 2013, “Systems and Methods for AnalyzingNeuro-Reponse Data and Virtual Reality Environments”), 20130314243 (Le,Nov. 28, 2013, “System and Method for Enabling Collaborative Analysis ofa Biosignal”), 20130317382 (Le, Nov. 28, 2013, “System and Method forProviding and Aggregating Biosignals and Action Data”), and 20130317384(Le, Nov. 28, 2013, “System and Method for Instructing a Behavior Changein a User”).

5. Device with Multiple Arms Radially-Downward from Top andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using multiplesensor-holding protrusions, fingers, or arms which extend radiallydownward from a position on the top of a person's head. In an example,radially-extending protrusions, fingers, or arms can curve around thehead toward the front, sides, and/or rear portions of the head. To usethe colorful language from the previous category, now a figurativestarfish (or octopus) is clinging to the top of the person's head. Suchdevices can be less obtrusive than some of those in the precedingcategories, but can still attract attention if worn during theactivities of daily life.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 6,067,464 (Musha, May 23, 200, “Electrode”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,154,669(Hunter et al., Nov. 28, 2000, “Headset for EEG Measurements”), U.S.Pat. No. 6,161,030 (Levendowski et al., Dec. 12, 2000, “Portable EEGElectrode Locator Headgear”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,381,481 (Levendowski etal., Apr. 30, 2002, “Portable EEG Electrode Locator Headgear”), U.S.Pat. No. 7,551,952 (Gevins et al., Jun. 23, 2009, “EEG ElectrodeHeadset”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,103,328 (Turner et al., Jan. 24, 2012,“Self-Locating Sensor Mounting Apparatus”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,392,250(Pradeep et al., Mar. 5, 2013, “Neuro-Response Evaluated Stimulus inVirtual Reality Environments”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,392,251 (Pradeep et al.,Mar. 5, 2013, “Location Aware Presentation of Stimulus Material”), U.S.Pat. No. 8,396,744 (Pradeep et al., Mar. 12, 2013, “Effective VirtualReality Environments for Presentation of Marketing Materials”), U.S.Pat. No. 8,548,852 (Pradeep et al., Oct. 1, 2013, “Effective VirtualReality Environments for Presentation of Marketing Materials”), and U.S.Pat. No. 8,655,428 (Pradeep et al., Feb. 18, 2014, “Neuro-Response DataSynchronization”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20020029005 (Levendowski et al., Mar. 7, 2002,“Portable EEG Electrode Locator Headgear”), 20070093706 (Gevins et al.,Apr. 26, 2007, “EEG Electrode Headset”), 20090088619 (Turner et al.,Apr. 2, 2009, “Self-Locating Sensor Mounting Apparatus”), 20110098593(Low et al., Apr. 28, 2011, “Head Harness & Wireless EEG MonitoringSystem”), 20110237971 (Pradeep et al., Sep. 29, 2011, “Discrete ChoiceModeling Using Neuro-Response Data”), 20110282231 (Pradeep et al., Nov.17, 2011, “Mechanisms for Collecting Electroencephalography Data”),20110282232 (Pradeep et al., Nov. 17, 2011, “Neuro-Response DataSynchronization”), 20120072289 (Pradeep et al., Mar. 22, 2012,“Biometric Aware Content Presentation”), and 20130185144 (Pradeep etal., Jul. 18, 2013, “Systems and Methods for Analyzing Neuro-ReponseData and Virtual Reality Environments”).

6. Device with Multiple Arms Radially-Forward from Rear andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using multiplesensor-holding protrusions, fingers, or arms which extend radiallyforward from a central position at the rear of a person's head. In anexample, radially-extending protrusions, fingers, or arms can curvearound the head toward the top and sides of the head. To use thecolorful language from the previous category, now a figurative starfish(or octopus) is clinging to the back of the person's head. Such devicescan be less obtrusive than some of those in the preceding categories,but can still attract attention if worn during the activities of dailylife.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 4,770,180 (Schmidt et al., Sep. 13, 1988, “ElectroencephalographicHead Set with a Disposable Monitor”), U.S. Pat. No. 4,967,038 (Gevins etal., Oct. 30, 1990, “Dry Electrode Brain Wave Recording System”), U.S.Pat. No. 5,038,782 (Gevins et al., Aug. 13, 1991, “Electrode System forBrain Wave Detection”), and D565735 (Washbon, Apr. 1, 2008, “ElectrodeHeadset”); and U.S. patent applications 20070225585 (Washbon and Delic,Sep. 27, 2007, “Headset for Electrodes”), 20070238945 (Delic et al.,Oct. 11, 2007, “Electrode Headset”), 20090105576 (Do et al., Apr. 23,2009, “Electrode Conductive Element”), 20120029379 (Sivadas, Feb. 2,2012, “Mind Strength Trainer”), and 20130046206 (Preminger, Feb. 21,2013, “System and Method for Neurocognitive Training and/orNeuropsychological Assessment”).

7. Device with Multiple Arms Radially-Backward from Front andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using multiplesensor-holding protrusions, fingers, or arms which extend radiallybackward from a position on the front of a person's head (such as theforehead). In an example, radially-extending protrusions, fingers, orarms can curve around the head toward the top and sides of the head.Such devices can be obtrusive and attract attention, especially if wornto a showing of the movie “Aliens”. Prior art which appears to be withinthis category includes U.S. patent application 20020188216 (Kayyali etal., Dec. 12, 2002, “Head Mounted Medical Device”).

8. Device with Circular Horizontal Loop (e.g. Headband Style) andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using a sensor-holdingmember which is configured like a headband, ring, or othergenerally-circular member which encircles a person's head in (or closeto) a horizontal plane when the person is upright. In an example, such adevice can span a portion of a person's forehead as it encircles theperson's head. Since devices in this category can span a portion of theforehead, such devices can be used with sensors which require contactwith (or proximity to) portions of the head which do not have hair. Suchdevices can be appropriate for wearing while running or doing othertypes of exercise, but there are still many settings wherein wearing aheadband or head-encircling ring is generally not appropriate.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 6,001,065 (Devito, Dec. 14, 1999, “Method and Apparatus forMeasuring and Analyzing Physiological Signals for Active or PassiveControl of Physical and Virtual Spaces and the Contents Therein”), U.S.Pat. No. 6,171,258 (Karakasoglu et al., Jan. 9, 2001, “Multi-ChannelSelf-Contained Apparatus and Method for Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders”),U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,536 (Devito, Jul. 3, 2001, “Method and Apparatus forMeasuring and Analyzing Physiological Signals for Active or PassiveControl of Physical and Virtual Spaces and the Contents Therein”), U.S.Pat. No. 6,811,538 (Westbrook et al., Nov. 2, 2004, “Sleep Apnea RiskEvaluation”), U.S. Pat. No. 7,297,119 (Westbrook et al., Nov. 20, 2007,“Sleep Apnea Risk Evaluation”), and U.S. Pat. No. 7,885,706 (Ludvig etal., Feb. 8, 2011, “System and Device for Seizure Detection”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20010056225 (DeVito, Dec. 27, 2001, “Method andApparatus for Measuring and Analyzing Physiological Signals for Activeor Passive Control of Physical and Virtual Spaces and the ContentsTherein”), 20020165462 (Westbrook et al., Nov. 7, 2002, “Sleep ApneaRisk Evaluation”), 20020188216 (Kayyali et al., Dec. 12, 2002, “HeadMounted Medical Device”), 20040267152 (Pineda, Dec. 20, 2004, “Methodand System for Predicting and Preventing Seizures”), 20050027207(Westbrook et al., Feb. 3, 2005, “Sleep Apnea Risk Evaluation”), and20070249952 (Rubin et al., Oct. 25, 2007, “Systems and Methods for SleepMonitoring”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20080082019 (Ludving et al., Apr. 3, 2008, “Systemand Device for Seizure Detection”), 20090281446 (Ludvig et al., Nov. 12,2009, “System and Device for Seizure Detection”), 20100099954 (Dickinsonet al., Apr. 22, 2010, “Data-Driven Sleep Coaching System”), 20120150545(Simon, Jun. 14, 2012, “Brain-Computer Interface Test Battery for thePhysiological Assessment of Nervous System Health”), 20130060097 (Rubin,Mar. 7, 2013, “Multi-Modal Sleep System”), 20130127708 (Jung et al., May23, 2013, “Cell-Phone Based Wireless and Mobile Brain-MachineInterface”), and 20130338446 (Van Vugt et al., Dec. 19, 2013, “SleepDisturbance Monitoring Apparatus”).

9. Device with Top Semicircular Loop (e.g. Headphone Style) andEEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using a (semicircular)arcuate member which looks like a set of headphones, hair band, ortiara. In an example, such a device can loop over the top of a person'shead, from one side to the other side. In an example, such a device canloop over the top of a person's head from one ear to the other ear. Inexample, such a device can not only look like a set of headphones, butcan actually be a set of headphones, wherein these headphones alsoinclude one or more electromagnetic brain activity sensors. Wearing aset of headphones or a hair band is more common (and thus may attractless attention) than wearing most of the devices discussed in precedingcategories, but there are still many settings wherein wearing such adevice would attract attention and be inappropriate.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 4,697,598 (Bernard et al., Oct. 6, 1987, “Evoked PotentialAutorefractometry System”), U.S. Pat. No. 4,709,702 (Sherwin, Dec. 1,1987, “Electroencephalographic Cap”), U.S. Pat. No. 5,740,812 (Cowan,Apr. 21, 1998, “Apparatus for and Method of Providing BrainwaveBiofeedback”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,154,669 (Hunter et al., Nov. 28, 2000,“Headset for EEG Measurements”), U.S. Pat. No. 6,167,298 (Levin, Dec.26, 2000, “Devices and Methods for Maintaining an Alert State ofConsciousness Through Brain Wave Monitoring”), U.S. Pat. No. 7,689,274(Mullen et al., Mar. 30, 2010, “Brain-Wave Aware Sleep Management”),U.S. Pat. No. 8,271,075 (Chuang et al., Sep. 18, 2012, “Audio Headsetwith Bio-Signal Sensors”), and U.S. Pat. No. 8,301,218 (Nguyen et al.,Oct. 30, 2012, “Contoured Electrode”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,812,075 (Nguyenet al., Aug. 19, 2014, “Contoured Electrode”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20120029379 (Sivadas, Feb. 2, 2012, “Mind StrengthTrainer”), 20120226127 (Asjes et al., Sep. 6, 2012, “Device forPositioning Electrodes on a User's Scalp”), 20130177883 (Barnehama etal., Jul. 11, 2013, “Systems and Methods for Directing Brain Activity”),and 20130310676 (Jung, Nov. 21, 2013, “EEG Hair Band”).

10. Device with Rear Semicircular Loop and EEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using a (semicircular)arcuate member which loops around the rear portion of a person's head,from one side to the other side. In an example, such a device can looparound the rear portion of a person's head from one ear to the otherear. Such a device can be less obtrusive than many of the devices inpreceding categories because it does not span the top of the head orface, but it is not well-suited for use with sensors which requirecontact with skin without hair. Prior art which appears to be withinthis category includes U.S. patent application 20140316230 (Denison etal., Oct. 23, 2014, “Methods and Devices for Brain Activity MonitoringSupporting Mental State Development and Training”).

11. Device with Frontal Semicircular Loop and EEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using a (semicircular)arcuate member which loops around the front of a person's head, from oneside to the other side. In an example, such a device can loop around thefront of a person's head from one ear to the other ear. In an example,such a device can span a person's forehead. Such a device can bewell-suited for use with sensors which require contact with skin withouthair, but can be somewhat obtrusive since it spans a portion of aperson's face. Prior art which appears to be within this categoryincludes U.S. patent application 20080177197 (Lee et al., Jul. 24, 2008,“Method and Apparatus for Quantitatively Evaluating Mental States Basedon Brain Wave Signal Processing System”).

12. Device Like Eyeglasses or Other Eyewear with EEG/Brainwave Sensor(s)

Devices in this category hold electromagnetic brain activity sensors incontact with (or proximity to) a person's head using a sensor-holdingmember which looks like a pair of eyeglasses, goggles, or other eyewear.In an example, such a device can span from one ear, to the face, acrossthe face (over the bridge of the nose), and then to the other ear. Inexample, such a device can not only look like a pair of eyeglasses, butcan actually be a pair of eyeglasses, wherein these eyeglasses includeone or more electromagnetic brain activity sensors. Some of the art inthis category predominantly focuses on the optical aspects of a pair ofeyeglasses, with only tangential mention of a possible EEG sensor, butsuch art is included in this category for the sake of completeness.Wearing a pair of eyeglasses is very common and thus attracts lessattention than virtually all of the devices discussed in precedingcategories. However, conventional eyeglass frames (especially those withstraight side pieces) do not contact a person's temple or forehead.Accordingly, conventional eyeglass frame configurations are notideally-suited for holding one or more electromagnetic brain activitysensors in contact with a person's temple and/or forehead.

Prior art which appears to be within this category includes U.S. Pat.No. 7,344,244 (Goodall et al., Mar. 18, 2008, “Adjustable Lens Systemwith Neural-Based Control”), U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,088 (Goodall et al.,Jun. 24, 2008, “Adjustable Lens System with Neural-Based Control”), U.S.Pat. No. 7,486,988 (Goodall et al., Feb. 3, 2009, “Method and System forAdaptive Vision Modification”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,244,342 (Goodall et al.,Aug. 14, 2012, “Method and System for Adaptive Vision Modification”),U.S. Pat. No. 8,346,354 (Hyde et al., Jan. 1, 2013, “Determining aNeuromodulation Treatment Regimen in Response to Contactlessly AcquiredInformation”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,467,133 (Miller, Jun. 18, 2013,“See-Through Display with an Optical Assembly Including a Wedge-ShapedIllumination System”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,472,120 (Border et al., Jun. 25,2013, “See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses with a Small Scale ImageSource”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,477,425 (Border et al., Jul. 2, 2013,“See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses Including a Partially Reflective,Partially Transmitting Optical Element”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,482,859(Border et al., Jul. 9, 2013, “See-Through Near-Eye Display GlassesWherein Image Light Is Transmitted to and Reflected From an OpticallyFlat Film”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,488,246 (Border et al., Jul. 16, 2013,“See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses Including a Curved Polarizing Filmin the Image Source, a Partially Reflective, Partially TransmittingOptical Element and an Optically Flat Film”), and U.S. Pat. No.8,562,540 (Goodall et al., Oct. 22, 2013, “Method and System forAdaptive Vision Modification”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20060252978 (Vesely et al., Nov. 9, 2006,“Biofeedback Eyewear System”), 20060252979 (Vesely et al., Nov. 9, 2006,“Biofeedback Eyewear System”), 20070010757 (Goodall et al., Jan. 11,2007, “Method and System for Adaptive Vision Modification”), 20070019279(Goodall et al., Jan. 25, 2007, “Adjustable Lens System withNeural-Based Control”), 20070106145 (Kim et al., May 10, 2007,“Accessories for Remote Monitoring”), 20080161673 (Goodall et al., Jul.3, 2008, “Method and System for Adaptive Vision Modification”),20110028798 (Hyde et al., Feb. 3, 2011, “Electronically Initiating anAdministration of a Neuromodulation Treatment Regimen Chosen in Responseto Contactlessly Acquired Information”), 20110029038 (Hyde et al., Feb.3, 2011, “Determining a Neuromodulation Treatment Regimen in Response toContactlessly Acquired Information”), 20110029044 (Hyde et al., Feb. 3,2011, “Stimulating a Nervous System Component of a Mammal in Response toContactlessly Acquired Information”), 20110221656 (Haddick et al., Sep.15, 2011, “Displayed Content Vision Correction with ElectricallyAdjustable Lens”), and 20110221669 (Shams et al., Sep. 15, 2011,“Gesture Control in an Augmented Reality Eyepiece”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20110221672 (Osterhout et al., Sep. 15, 2011,“Hand-Worn Control Device in an Augmented Reality Eyepiece”),20110222745 (Osterhout et al., Sep. 15, 2011, “Method and Apparatus forBiometric Data Capture”), 20110227820 (Haddick et al., Sep. 22, 2011,“Lock Virtual Keyboard Position in an Augmented Reality Eyepiece”),20120062445 (Haddick et al., Mar. 15, 2012, “Adjustable Wrap AroundExtendable Arm for a Head-Mounted Display”), 20120075168 (Osterhout etal., Mar. 29, 2012, “Eyepiece with Uniformly Illuminated ReflectiveDisplay”), 20120150545 (Simon, Jun. 14, 2012, “Brain-Computer InterfaceTest Battery for the Physiological Assessment of Nervous SystemHealth”), 20120212398 (Border et al., Aug. 23, 2012, “See-ThroughNear-Eye Display Glasses Including a Partially Reflective, PartiallyTransmitting Optical Element”), and 20120212400 (Border et al., Aug. 23,2012, “See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses Including a CurvedPolarizing Film in the Image Source, a Partially Reflective, PartiallyTransmitting Optical Element and an Optically Flat Film”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20120218172 (Border et al., Aug. 30, 2012,“See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses with a Small Scale Image Source”),20120218301 (Miller, Aug. 30, 2012, “See-Through Display with an OpticalAssembly Including a Wedge-Shaped Illumination System”), 20120235883(Border et al., Sep. 20, 2012, “See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasseswith a Light Transmissive Wedge Shaped Illumination System”),20120235886 (Border et al., Sep. 20, 2012, “See-Through Near-Eye DisplayGlasses with a Small Scale Image Source”), 20120235887 (Border et al.,Sep. 20, 2012, “See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses Including aPartially Reflective, Partially Transmitting Optical Element and anOptically Flat Film”), and 20120235900 (Border et al., Sep. 20, 2012,“See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses with a Fast Response PhotochromicFilm System for Quick Transition From Dark to Clear”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20120236030 (Border et al., Sep. 20, 2012,“See-Through Near-Eye Display Glasses Including a Modular ImageSource”), 20120242678 (Border et al., Sep. 27, 2012, “See-ThroughNear-Eye Display Glasses Including an Auto-Brightness Control for theDisplay Brightness Based on the Brightness in the Environment”),20120242698 (Haddick et al., Sep. 27, 2012, “See-Through Near-EyeDisplay Glasses with a Multi-Segment Processor-Controlled OpticalLayer”), 20130056010 (Walker et al., Mar. 7, 2013, “Autonomous PositiveAirway Pressure System”), 20130127980 (Haddick et al., May 23, 2013,“Video Display Modification Based on Sensor Input for a See-ThroughNear-to-Eye Display”), and 20130242262 (Lewis, Sep. 19, 2013, “EnhancedOptical and Perceptual Digital Eyewear”).

Prior art which appears to be within this category also includes U.S.patent applications: 20130303837 (Berka et al., Nov. 14, 2013, “Systemsand Methods for Optimization of Sleep and Post-Sleep Performance”),20130314303 (Osterhout et al., Nov. 28, 2013, “AR Glasses with UserAction Control of and Between Internal and External Applications withFeedback”), 20140023999 (Greder, Jan. 23, 2014, “Detection and Feedbackof Information Associated with Executive Function”), 20140267005(Urbach, Sep. 18, 2014, “Eye Piece for Augmented and Virtual Reality”),20140267401 (Urbach, Sep. 18, 2014, “Visual Cortex Thought DetectorInterface”), 20140347265 (Aimone et al., Nov. 27, 2014, “WearableComputing Apparatus and Method”), and 20140375545 (Ackerman et al., Dec.25, 2014, “Adaptive Event Recognition”).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a wearable and mobile Brain Computer Interface (BCI)device. In an example, it can comprise: a rear ear-engaging segment; aside segment which spans from the rear ear-engaging segment to aperson's temple, to a side portion of the person's face, and/or to aside portion of the person's forehead; a top segment which spans fromthe side segment to the top of the person's head; at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; a data processor; a data transmitter;and a power source. In an example, it can comprise: a forward-upwardsloped headband which encircles a person's head; an ear prong whichengages a portion of the perimeter of an outer ear; at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; a data processor; a data transmitter;and a power source.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a BCI devicecomprising: a rear loop which loops around the rear portion orupper-rear portion of a person's head; a rear ear-engaging member; amovable loop, wherein this movable loop has a first configuration inwhich it loops around the rear or upper-rear portion of a person's head,wherein this movable loop has a second configuration in which it loopsacross the person's forehead, and wherein this movable loop can bereversibly moved from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration; at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which collectsdata concerning electromagnetic brain activity; a data processor; a datatransmitter; and a power source.

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a BCI device with connecting right and left side memberswhich engage a person's hair.

FIG. 2 shows a BCI device with non-connecting right and left sidemembers which engage a person's hair.

FIG. 3 shows a BCI device with dual right and dual left side memberswhich engage a person's hair.

FIG. 4 shows a BCI device with Y-shaped right and left side memberswhich engage a person's hair.

FIG. 5 shows a BCI device with trident-shaped right and left sidemembers which engage a person's hair.

FIG. 6 shows a BCI device with non-connecting right and left side loopswhich engage a person's hair.

FIG. 7 shows a BCI device with right and left side members with teethwhich engage a person's hair.

FIG. 8 shows a BCI device with right and left side nested loops whichengage a person's hair.

FIG. 9 shows a BCI system and method in which a person controls anenvironmental device using a first command mode (voice).

FIG. 10 shows a BCI system and method in which a person controls anenvironmental device using a second command mode (touch screen).

FIG. 11 shows a BCI system and method wherein a common brain activitypattern between the first and second command modes is identified.

FIG. 12 shows a BCI system and method in which a person controls anenvironmental device using a third command mode (thought).

FIG. 13 shows another example of a BCI system and method in which aperson controls an environmental device using a first command mode(voice).

FIG. 14 shows another example of a BCI system and method in which aperson controls an environmental device using a second command mode(touch screen).

FIG. 15 shows another example of a BCI system and method wherein acommon brain activity pattern between the first and second command modesis identified.

FIG. 16 shows another example of a BCI system and method in which aperson controls an environmental device using a third command mode(thought).

FIG. 17 defines radial clock hour (or degree) vectors around an ear.

FIG. 18 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear of a person'sear, curves high over the person's temple, and crosses over the top ofthe person's head.

FIG. 19 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear and front of aperson's ear, curves high over the person's temple, and crosses over thetop of the person's head.

FIG. 20 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear of a person'sear, curves low over the person's temple, and crosses over the top ofthe person's head.

FIG. 21 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear and front of aperson's ear, curves low over the person's temple, and crosses over thetop of the person's head.

FIG. 22 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear of a person'sear, crosses over the top of the person's head, and also includes a sidearm which extends up onto the person's forehead.

FIG. 23 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear and front of aperson's ear, crosses over the top of the person's head, and alsoincludes a side arm which extends up onto the person's forehead.

FIG. 24 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear and front of aperson's ear, loops around the top of the person's head, and alsoincludes a side arm which extends up onto the person's forehead.

FIG. 25 shows a BCI device which waves over the top of a person's ear,loops across the person's temple, and curves back over the top of theperson's head.

FIG. 26 shows a BCI device which curves around the rear of a person'sear, loops around the person's temple, and then loops around the back ofthe person's head.

FIG. 27 shows a BCI device which spans forward from the back of aperson's head, loops around the person's temple, and then spans backwardto the back of the person's head.

FIG. 28 shows a BCI device which spans forward from the back of aperson's head, curves around the rear and front of the person's ear, andprotrudes forward to the person's temple.

FIG. 29 shows a BCI device with a first segment which loops around therear of a person's head and protrudes onto the person's forehead; and asecond segment which curves around the rear of a person's ear and loopsover the top of the person's head.

FIG. 30 shows a BCI device with a first segment which loops around therear of a person's head and protrudes onto the person's forehead; and asecond segment which loops over the top of the person's head.

FIG. 31 shows a BCI device with an undulating band that curves aroundthe rear of a person's ear and loops across the person's forehead.

FIG. 32 shows a BCI device that curves around the rear and front of aperson's ear and loops across the person's forehead.

FIG. 33 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head with adownward wave in front of the person's ear and a loop across theperson's forehead.

FIG. 34 defines radial clock hour (or degree) vectors around an ear.

FIG. 35 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice has lower sides than front and rear.

FIG. 36 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice has a higher front than rear.

FIG. 37 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice has a sinusoidal wave over an ear.

FIG. 38 shows a BCI device that undulates from the rear of a person'sear to the top of the person's head.

FIG. 39 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice includes members which curve around the rear and front of theperson's ear.

FIG. 40 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice loops across the person's forehead and curves around the rear ofthe person's ear.

FIG. 41 shows a BCI device that loops around the back of a person'shead, curves around the rear of the person's ear, and protrudes onto theperson's forehead.

FIG. 42 shows a BCI device that encircles a person's head wherein thisdevice loops around the back of a person's head, curves around the rearand front of the person's ear, and loops across the person's forehead.

FIGS. 43 and 44 show two sequential views of an adjustable BCI banddevice with an over-the-top head loop that is moved from a rear positionto a position which spans a person's forehead.

FIGS. 45 and 46 show two sequential views of an adjustable BCI eyeweardevice with an over-the-top head loop that is moved from a rear positionto a position which spans a person's forehead.

FIGS. 47 and 48 show two sequential views of an adjustable BCI eyeweardevice with a telescoping forehead-spanning arm.

FIGS. 49 and 50 show two sequential views of an adjustable BCI eyeweardevice with a pivoting forehead-spanning arm.

FIGS. 51 and 52 show two sequential views of an adjustable BCI eyeweardevice with a pivoting forehead-spanning loop.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1 through 52 show examples of how this invention can be embodiedin a wearable and mobile Brain Computer Interface (BCI) device andmethod for measuring electromagnetic energy from a person's brain, butthey do not limit the full generalizability of the claims. The abilityto measure electromagnetic brain activity (such aselectroencephalographic EEG activity) with a wearable and mobile BrainComputer Interface (BCI) device allows such measurement while a personis ambulatory. With a wearable and mobile device, a person is free to dotheir normal activities. This provides useful information which is notpossible with EEG monitoring devices which require that the person stayin fixed location (such as a hospital or medical office).

Traditionally, brain activity monitoring systems, especiallyelectroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring systems, have not been verymobile. Traditionally, such brain activity monitoring systems haveentailed attaching a large array of electromagnetic energy sensors (e.g.electrodes) to selected locations distributed around the upper surfaceof a person's head and a large number of wires to connect these sensorsto a central data acquisition unit. Often, the attachment processrequired applying conductive gel between each sensor and the scalp. Suchbrain activity monitoring system systems were not very mobile; theygenerally restricted the person to stay in a particular location (suchas a hospital or medical office). Such brain activity monitoring systemswere also pretty obtrusive in terms of appearance. Even if they weremobile, they would attract so much attention that they would likelyinterfere with the activities of daily life if worn throughout the day.

More recently, there have been efforts to make brain activity monitoringsystems more mobile. This can free the wearer from being restricted tostay in a particular location (such as a hospital or medical office) andwear the monitor throughout the day. Many of these devices use dryelectromagnetic energy sensors (e.g. dry electrodes) which do notrequire conductive gel. Although significant progress has been madetoward the development of mobile brain activity sensors, most of themare still pretty obtrusive in terms of appearance. For example, some ofthem look like rings or headbands which encircle a person's head,including the forehead, in a very obvious manner. Others of them looklike scaled-down bicycle helmets, which are also pretty obtrusive interms of appearance.

Although progress has been made toward the development of mobile brainactivity monitors, there remains a need for mobile brain activitymonitors which are visually less obtrusive. This invention addressesthis need by disclosing a hair-engaging mobile brain activity monitorwhich uses upward-extending members to position sensors (e.g.electrodes) on the upper surface of a person's head, but be partiallyhidden within a person's hair. The upward-extending members engage hair(e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)as they slide upwards along the sides of a person's head. As a result,the upward-extending members and attached sensors are partially (orcompletely) hidden between layers of hair. The result is a hair-engagingmobile brain activity which can be worn by a person in public, withoutlooking like a character from “Babylon 5.”

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a hair-engaging mobilebrain activity monitor comprising: (1) an arcuate frame which isconfigured to be worn on a person's head, wherein this arcuate framefurther comprises: (1a) a right ear loop which is configured to curvearound the person's right ear; (1b) a left ear loop which is configuredto curve around the person's left ear; (1c) a posterior loop which isconnected to the right ear loop and the left ear loop, where thisposterior loop is configured to curve around a posterior portion of aperson's head; (1d) a right upward-extending member which is configuredto extend upward toward the top of the person's head from the right earloop and/or from the posterior loop, wherein this right upward-extendingmember has a first configuration in which its upper-most portion is afirst distance from the top of the person's head, wherein this rightupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the right upward-extending member is configured to engage hair(e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; and (1e) a left upward-extending memberwhich is configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the left ear loop and/or from the posterior loop, wherein this leftupward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this left upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the left upward-extending member isconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration; (2) one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (3) a power source; (4) a dataprocessing unit; and (5) a data transmitter and/or receiver.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a hair-engaging mobilebrain activity monitor comprising: (1) an arcuate frame which isconfigured to be worn on a person's head, wherein this arcuate framefurther comprises: (1a) a right ear loop which is configured to curvearound the person's right ear; (1b) a left ear loop which is configuredto curve around the person's left ear; (1c) a posterior loop which isconnected to the right ear loop and the left ear loop, where thisposterior loop is configured to curve around a posterior portion of aperson's head; (1d) a right upward-extending member which is configuredto extend upward toward the top of the person's head from the right earloop and/or from the posterior loop; and (1e) a left upward-extendingmember which is configured to extend upward toward the top of theperson's head from the left ear loop and/or from the posterior loop,wherein the right and left upward-extending members have a firstconfiguration in which their upper-most portions are a first distanceapart, wherein the right and left upward-extending members have a secondconfiguration in which their upper-most portions are a second distanceapart, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the right and left upward-extending members are configured toengage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair,latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slidebetween hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under alayer of hair) in their second configuration; (2) one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (3) a power source; (4) a dataprocessing unit; and (5) a data transmitter and/or receiver.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a hair-engaging mobilebrain activity monitor comprising: (1) an arcuate frame which isconfigured to be worn on a person's head, wherein this arcuate framefurther comprises: (1a) at least one ear loop which is configured tocurve around an ear; (1b) a posterior loop which is connected to the atleast one loop, where this posterior loop is configured to curve arounda posterior portion of the head; (1c) at least one upward-extendingmember which is configured to extend upward toward the top of the headfrom the at least one ear loop and/or from the posterior loop, whereinthis upward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the head, whereinthis upward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the head,wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, and whereinthe upward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extendunder a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh withhair, slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide intoor under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; (2) one or more electromagnetic energy sensors whichcollect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (3) a powersource; (4) a data processing unit; and (5) a data transmitter and/orreceiver.

In an example, an arcuate frame can comprise a plurality of connectedmembers. In an example, an arcuate frame can be a continuous sequence ofportions. In an example, these connected members or portions cancomprise: one or two ear loops; a posterior loop; and one or moreupward-extending members. In an example, an arcuate frame can furthercomprise a housing which contains a power source, a data processingunit, and a data transmitter and/or receiver. In an example, an arcuateframe can be flexible. In an example, an arcuate frame can furthercomprise one or more joints or hinges.

In an example, this device can have a right ear loop, a left ear loop,or both right and left ear loops. In an example, a central verticalfront-to-rear plane can be defined which virtually separates a person'shead into right and left sides. In an example, right and left ear loopscan be symmetric with respect to this central vertical front-to-rearplane. In an example, right and left ear loops need not be symmetricwith respect to this central vertical front-to-rear plane. In anexample, an ear loop can be one member among a plurality of connectedmembers which together comprises a multi-member arcuate frame. In anexample, an ear loop can be one portion of a continuous arcuate frame.In an example, an ear loop can further comprise a housing which containsa power source, a data processing unit, and a data transmitter and/orreceiver.

In an example, an ear loop can be shaped like a semi-circle orthree-quarters of a circle. In an example, an ear loop can be configuredto span some or all of the circumference of the portion of an earwhereby the ear is attached to the main portion of the head. In anexample, an ear loop can be configured to span a percentage of thecircumference of the portion of an ear whereby the ear is attached tothe main portion of the head and this percentage is within the range of10%-25%. In an example, an ear loop can be configured to span apercentage of the circumference of the portion of an ear whereby the earis attached to the main portion of the head and this percentage iswithin the range of 25%-50%. In an example, an ear loop can beconfigured to span a percentage of the circumference of the portion ofan ear whereby the ear is attached to the main portion of the head andthis percentage is within the range of 50%-75%. In an example, an earloop can be configured to span a percentage of the circumference of theportion of an ear whereby the ear is attached to the main portion of thehead and this percentage is within the range of 75%-100%.

In an example, clockwise polar coordinates can be defined for an ear,with 0 degrees being the upper-most location where the ear connects tothe main body of the head and 180 degree being the lower-most locationwhere the ear connects to the main body of the head. In an example, anear loop can curve around the ear from a first polar location to asecond polar location. In an example, the first location can be withinthe range of 270-350 degrees and the second location can be within therange of 10-90 degrees. In an example, the first location can be withinthe range of 270-350 degrees and the second location is within the rangeof 90-200 degrees.

In an example, a posterior loop can be one member among a plurality ofconnected members which together comprise a multi-member arcuate frame.In an example, a posterior loop can be one portion of a continuousarcuate frame. In an example, a posterior loop can further comprise ahousing which contains a power source, a data processing unit, and adata transmitter and/or receiver. In an example, a posterior loop can beconfigured to curve around a portion of the rear half of the person'shead and/neck. In an example, a posterior loop can be configured tocurve around a person's posterior-facing hair line and/or the nape ofthe person's neck. In an example, a posterior loop can be configured tocurve around a portion of the rear lower quadrant of the person's head.

In an example, a posterior loop can be resiliently flexible. In anexample, a posterior loop can flex outwards from a person's head in thefirst configuration and can flex back inwards toward the person's headin the second configuration. In an example, a posterior loop can connectto a right ear loop and to a left ear loop. In an example, a posteriorloop can connect to the lower portions of a right ear loop and a leftear loop. In an example, a posterior loop can connect to the rearportions of a right ear loop and a left ear loop. In an example, aposterior loop can connect to the upper portions of a right ear loop anda left ear loop.

In an example, an upward-extending member can be configured to span aportion of a person's head which is covered by hair. In an example, anupward-extending member can be configured to span a portion of aperson's head which is above and/or posterior to the person's forehead.In an example, an upward-extending member can be configured to span aportion of a person's head which is above and/or posterior to theperson's frontal hairline. In an example, an upward-extending member canbe configured to span a portion of a person's head which is above and/orposterior to the person's temple.

In an example, an upward-extending member can be configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration. In an example, the upper portion of anupward-extending member can split into multiple protrusions, prongs,teeth, or openings which are configured to engage hair (e.g. extendunder a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh withhair, slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide intoor under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration. In an example, an upward-extending member can havemultiple openings which are configured to receive outward-protrudingstrands of hair, such that hair protrudes outward through these openingsin the second configuration. In an example, an upward-extending membercan have multiple openings which are configured to receiveoutward-protruding strands of hair, such that an inner layer of hairprotrudes outward through these openings in the second configuration andan outer layer of hair covers the upward-extending member in the secondconfiguration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can be configured so that itis at least partially covered by hair on a person's head in the secondconfiguration. In an example, an upward-extending member can beconfigured to engage a lower layer of hair on a person's head and to beat least partially covered by an upper layer of hair on a person's head.In an example, an upward-extending member can be inserted upwardsbetween two layers of hair on a person' head. In an example, anupward-extending member can be configured so that at least 25% of theoutward-facing surface area of this member is covered by the person'shair in the second configuration. In an example, an upward-extendingmember can be configured so that at least 50% of the outward-facingsurface area of this member is covered by the person's hair in thesecond configuration. In an example, an upward-extending member can beconfigured so that at least 75% of the outward-facing surface area ofthis member is covered by the person's hair in the second configuration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can split into multipleprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which are configured to engage hair(e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration in order to hide the upward-extending memberwithin (or under) hair. In an example, an upward-extending member cansplit into multiple protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which areconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration in order to make theupward-extending member less visible in proximity to hair. In anexample, an upward-extending member can comprise a plurality ofprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth between which hair can extend outwardso as to decrease the visibility of the upward-extending member. In anexample, an upward-extending member can have multiple protrusions,prongs, and/or teeth which are configured to be covered by a layer ofhair in the second configuration.

In an example, an upper portion of an upward-extending member can beheld onto a person's head in the second configuration by frictionalengagement with hair. In an example, an upper portion of anupward-extending member can be held onto a person's head in the secondconfiguration by intermeshing with hair. In an example, anupward-extending member can comprise a plurality of protrusions, prongs,and/or teeth between which hair extends outward so as to hold a portionof the upward-extending member onto the person's head. In an example, anupper portion of an upward-extending member can be held onto a person'shead in the second configuration by multiple upward-facing protrusions,prongs, and/teeth which frictionally engage the person's hair. In anexample, an upper portion of an upward-extending member can be attachedto a person's head in the second configuration by multiple upward-facingand/or center-facing protrusions, prongs, and/teeth which frictionallyengage the person's hair.

In an example, an upper portion of an upward-extending member can bemoved upwards toward the top of a person's head and inwards toward thecenter of the person's head as the upward-extending member is moved fromthe first configuration to the second configuration. In an example, anupper portion of an upward-extending member can be configured to slideupwards over the surface of the person's head under a layer of hair asthe member moves from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration. In an example, an upward-extending member can slideupwards between layers of hair as the member moves from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration. In an example, anupward-extending member can engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer ofhair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slidebetween hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into or underhair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) as an upward-extending memberis moved from the first configuration to the second configuration. In anexample, an upward-extending member can slide upwards and inwards alongthe hair-covered surface of the person's head as the member moves fromthe first configuration to the second configuration. In an example, anupward-extending member can be flexed outwards from a person head in thefirst configuration and can flex back inwards toward the person's headin the second configuration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can have multipleupward-facing protrusions, prongs, teeth, and/or openings which areconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) as an upward-extending member is moved from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration. In an example, anupward-extending member can have multiple upward-facing protrusions,prongs, teeth, and/or openings which are configured to engage hair (e.g.extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, meshwith hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slideinto or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) as theupward-extending member is slid upwards over the surface of a person'shead. In an example, the upper portion of an upward-extending member canhave multiple upward-facing protrusions, teeth, or prongs which areconfigured to slide upwards over the surface of the person's head undera layer of hair as the protrusions, teeth, or prongs move from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can have multiple protrusions,prongs, and/or teeth. In an example, an upward-extending member can havemultiple upward-facing protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which engage aperson's hair in the second configuration. In an example, a leftupward-extending member can have multiple protrusions, prongs, and/orteeth which point upward and rightward in the second configuration. Inan example, a right upward-extending member can have multipleprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which point upward and leftward in thesecond configuration. In an example, an upward-extending member cansplit into multiple protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth as extends upward.In an example, an upward-extending member can have multiple comb-liketeeth which face upwards. In an example, an upward-extending member canhave multiple comb-like teeth which face inwards towards the centralvertical front-to-rear plane of the person's head in the secondconfiguration. In an example, an upward-extending member can comprise aplurality of upward-facing longitudinal protrusions, prongs, and/orteeth whose longitudinal axes are configured to be substantiallyparallel to the surface of the person's head in the secondconfiguration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can comprise a plurality ofupward-facing protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which are configured toengage the person's hair so that at least 25% of the outward-facingsurface area of this member is covered by the person's hair in thesecond configuration. In an example, an upward-extending member cancomprise a plurality of upward-facing protrusions, prongs, and/or teethwhich are configured to engage the person's hair so that at least 50% ofthe outward-facing surface area of this member is covered by theperson's hair in the second configuration. In an example, anupward-extending member can comprise a plurality of upward-facingprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which are configured to engage theperson's hair so that at least 75% of the outward-facing surface area ofthis member is covered by the person's hair in the second configuration.

In an example, an upward-extending member can comprise a plurality ofopenings through which hair protrudes outward so that at least 25% ofthe outward-facing surface area of this upward-extending member iscovered by the person's hair in the second configuration. In an example,an upward-extending member can comprise a plurality of openings throughwhich hair protrudes outward so that at least 50% of the outward-facingsurface area of this upward-extending member is covered by the person'shair in the second configuration. In an example, an upward-extendingmember can comprise a plurality of openings through which hair protrudesoutward so that at least 75% of the outward-facing surface area of thisupward-extending member is covered by the person's hair in the secondconfiguration. In an example, an upward-extending member can be a meshor lattice.

In an example, an upward-extending member can bifurcate or split as itextends upward. In an example, an upward-extending member can bifurcateor split as it extends upward from an ear loop. In an example, anupward-extending member can bifurcate or split as it extends upward froma posterior loop. In an example, this device can comprise a “U”-shapedbifurcating upward-extending member on a side of the person's head. Inan example, this device can comprise a “U”-shaped bifurcatingupward-extending member on each side of the person's head. In anexample, this device can comprise a “V”-shaped bifurcatingupward-extending member on a side of the person's head. In an example,this device can comprise a “V”-shaped bifurcating upward-extendingmember on each side of the person's head. In an example, this device cancomprise a capital-“Y”-shaped bifurcating upward-extending member on aside of the person's head. In an example, this device can comprise acapital-“Y”-shaped bifurcating upward-extending member on each side ofthe person's head. In an example, this device can comprise atrident-shaped or fork-shaped upward-extending member on a side of theperson's head. In an example, this device can comprise a trident-shapedor fork-shaped upward-extending member on each side of the person'shead.

In an example, the upper portions of the right and left upward-extendingmembers may not be connected to each other in the first configuration,but are connected to each other in the second configuration. In anexample, the upper portions of the right and left upward-extendingmembers can be reversibly connected or attached to each other. In anexample, the upper portions of the right and left upward-extendingmembers can be connected or attached to each other as these members aremoved from the first configuration to the second configuration. In anexample, the right and left upward-extending members can have multipleprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth which intermesh and/or interlock witheach other in the second configuration. In an example, the upperportions of the right and left upward-extending members can be attachedto each other by an attachment mechanism selected from the groupconsisting of: ball and socket, buckle, button, clasp, clip, hook,hook-and-eye fabric, inter-locking parts, inter-meshing parts, magneticattachment, plug, protrusion and opening, snap, helical thread, andtongue and groove.

In an example, the upper portions of the right and left upward-extendingmembers can be connected to each other in both the first configurationand the second configuration. In an example, the upper portions of theright and left upward-extending members may not be connected to eachother in either the first configuration or the second configuration. Inan example, the upper portions of the right and left upward-extendingmembers can be separated by a distance in the range of one-quarter inchto two inches in the second configuration. In an example, the upperportions of the right and left upward-extending members can be separatedby a distance in the range of two inches to six inches in the secondconfiguration.

In an example, an arcuate frame can include a resiliently-flexibleportion between an ear loop and an upward-extending member, aresiliently-flexible portion between the posterior loop and anupward-extending member, or both. In an example, an arcuate frame caninclude a hinge between an ear loop and an upward-extending member, ahinge between the posterior loop and an upward-extending member, orboth. In an example, an arcuate frame can include a rotating jointbetween an ear loop and an upward-extending member, a rotating jointbetween the posterior loop and an upward-extending member, or both.

In an example, an arcuate frame can further comprise a spring, coil, orother tensile member which exerts force on an upward-extending member tomove it toward the second configuration. In an example, the arcuateframe can further comprise an elastic member which exerts force on anupward-extending member to move it toward the second configuration. Inan example, the arcuate frame can further comprise aresiliently-flexible member which exerts force on an upward-extendingmember to move it toward the second configuration. In an example, aspring, coil, other tensile member, elastic member, orresiliently-flexible member which is part of the frame can besufficiently flexible to allow the right and left upward-extendingmembers to be manually moved into their first configuration by theuser's hands, but can also be sufficiently resilient to move the rightand left upward-extending members into their second configuration in theabsence of external force from the user's hands. In an example, theamount of force with which an upward-extending member is pressed againstthe surface of a person's head can be changed by adjusting the degree oftension in a spring, coil, other tensile member, or elastic member.

In an example, a first plane can be defined in three-dimensional spaceas: being perpendicular to the central vertical front-to-back plane of ahead; and best fitting the right upward-extending member and the leftupward-extending member. In an example, a second plane can be defined inthree-dimensional space as: being perpendicular to the central verticalfront-to-back plane of a head; and best fitting the posterior loop. Inan example, a posterior-facing angle which is formed by the intersectionof the first plane and the second plane is in the range of 45 to 90degrees. In an example, a posterior-facing angle which is formed by theintersection of the first plane and the second plane is in the range of90 to 135 degrees. In an example, a posterior-facing angle which isformed by the intersection of the first plane and the second plane is inthe range of 135 to 180 degrees. In an example, the posterior-facingangle of an upward-extending member relative to the posterior loop canbe selectively adjusted by adjusting a hinge or joint on the arcuateframe. In an example, the length and/or height of an upward-extendingmember relative to an ear loop and/or the posterior loop can beadjusted. In an example, the upward-extending member can overlap with,or extend into, the ear loop and/or posterior loop and the height of anupward-extending member can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing thisoverlap or extension.

In an example, an upward-extending member can be a side loop with bothends connected to an ear loop. In an example, an upward-extending membercan be a side loop with one end connected to an ear loop and the otherend connected to the posterior loop. In an example, an upward-extendingmember can be a side loop which curves upward from an ear loop and thendownward to the posterior loop, or vice versa. In an example, anupward-extending member can be a side loop with an array ofupward-facing protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth to engage hair in thesecond configuration. In an example, an upward-extending member can be aside loop with an array of upward-facing protrusions, prongs, and/orteeth which slide upwards along the side of the person's head into theperson's hair as an upward-extending member moves from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration.

In an example, there can be a single upward-extending member on one sideof a person's head. In an example, an arcuate frame can have a leftupward-extending member, but not a right upward-extending member, orvice versa. In an example, there can be a single upward-extending memberon each side of a person's head. In an example, there can be multipleupward-extending members on one side of a person's head. In an example,there can be multiple upward-extending members on each side of aperson's head. In an example, there can be three or moreupward-extending members on a right or left side of the person's head.In an example, there can be two or more parallel upward-extendingmembers on a side of a person's head. In an example, there can be twoupward-extending members on a side of a person's head, wherein these twoupward-extending members are concentric and/or nested loops. In anexample, there can be two upward-extending members on a side of aperson's head, wherein these two upward-extending members comprise anupper loop and a lower loop. In an example, an upward-extending membercan be configured to be substantially parallel to the surface of aperson's head in the second configuration.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor for collecting dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity can be anelectroencephalographic (EEG) sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be an electrode. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a dry electrode. In an example, there can be two ormore electromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity.

In an example, there can be two or more electromagnetic energy sensorson an upward-extending member. In an example, one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors can be attached to, or integral parts of,an upward-extending member. In an example, an electromagnetic energysensor can be located on a central portion of an upward-extendingmember. In an example, there can be an upper electromagnetic energysensor and a lower electromagnetic energy sensor on an upward-extendingmember.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can bemodular. In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors canbe removably attached to an upward-extending member. In an example, thisdevice can comprise a first number of electromagnetic energy sensors anda second number of locations where electromagnetic energy sensors can beattached, wherein the second number is greater than the first number. Inan example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be removablyattached to an upward-extending member by one or more attachmentmechanisms selected from the group consisting of: magnetic attachment;hook-and-eye fabric; protrusion and opening; snap; clip; clasp; hook;buckle; plug attachment; pin; button; thread and groove; tongue andgroove.

In an example, data concerning a person's brain activity can becollected by one or more electromagnetic energy sensors at one ormultiple selected recording sites. In an example, the locations of oneor more electromagnetic energy sensors can be selected from the group ofEEG placement sites consisting of: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3, AFz,AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3, FC1,FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7, C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8, TP7,CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz, P2, P4,P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz, PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2. In anexample, one or more reference places can be selected from the group ofsites consisting of A1 and A2.

In an example, collection of data concerning brain activity can comprisemeasuring electromagnetic data concerning impedance, voltage difference,and/or energy transfer between two sites on a person's head—a selectedrecording site and a reference site. In an example, electromagneticbrain activity data can be collected by an electromagnetic energy sensorat a selected recording place. In an example, electromagnetic brainactivity data from a selected recording place (relative to a referenceplace) can be called a “channel” In an example, electromagnetic brainactivity data from multiple recording places can be called a “montage.”In an example, brain activity data can be recorded at a rate in therange of 100 to 300 samples per second.

In an example, a statistical method can be used to identify specificpatterns in a person's electromagnetic brain activity and/or specificchanges in a person's electromagnetic brain activity. In an example,data from one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be filtered toremove artifacts before the application of a statistical method. In anexample, a filter can be used to remove electromagnetic signals from eyeblinks, eye flutters, or other eye movements before the application of astatistical method. In an example, a notch filter can be used as well toremove 60 Hz artifacts caused by AC electrical current. In variousexamples, one or more filters can be selected from the group consistingof: a high-pass filter, a band-pass filter, a loss-pass filter, anelectromyographic activity filter, a 0.5-1 Hz filter, and a 35-70 Hzfilter.

In an example, a pattern and/or change in electromagnetic brain activitycan be a one-time pattern. In another example, a pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity can repeat over time in a rhythmicmanner. In an example, a primary statistical method can analyzerepeating electromagnetic patterns by analyzing their frequency ofrepetition, their frequency band or range of repetition, their recurringamplitude, their wave phase, and/or their waveform. In an examplerepeating patterns and/or waveforms can be analyzed using FourierTransform methods.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise findingthe mean or average value of data from one or more brain activitychannels during a period of time. In an example, a statistical methodcan comprise identifying a significant change in the mean or averagevalue of data from one or more brain activity channels. In an example, astatistical method can comprise finding the median value of data fromone or more brain activity channels during a period of time. In anexample, a statistical method can comprise identifying a significantchange in the median value of data from one or more brain activitychannels. In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifyingsignificant changes in the relative mean or median data values amongmultiple brain activity channels. In an example, a statistical methodcan comprise identifying significant changes in mean data values from afirst set of sensor locations relative to mean data values from a secondset of sensor locations. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying significant changes in mean data recorded from afirst region of the brain relative to mean data recorded from a secondregion of the brain.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise findingthe minimum or maximum value of data from one or more brain activitychannels during a period of time. In an example, a statistical methodcan comprise identifying a significant change in the minimum or maximumvalue of data from one or more brain activity channels. In an example, astatistical method can comprise identifying significant changes in therelative minimum or maximum data values among multiple brain activitychannels. In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifyingsignificant changes in minimum or maximum data values from a first setof sensor locations relative to minimum or maximum data values from asecond set of sensor locations. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying significant changes in minimum or maximum datavalues recorded from a first region of the brain relative to minimum ormaximum data values recorded from a second region of the brain.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise findingthe variance or the standard deviation of data from one or more brainactivity channels during a period of time. In an example, a statisticalmethod can comprise identifying a significant change in the variance orthe standard deviation of data from one or more brain activity channels.In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifying significantchanges in the covariation and/or correlation among data from multiplebrain activity channels. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying significant changes in the covariation orcorrelation between data from a first set of sensor locations relativeand data from a second set of sensor locations. In an example, astatistical method can comprise identifying significant changes in thecovariation or correlation of data values recorded from a first regionof the brain and a second region of the brain.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise findingthe amplitude of waveform data from one or more channels during a periodof time. In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifying asignificant change in the amplitude of waveform data from one or morechannels. In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifyingsignificant changes in the relative wave amplitudes from one or morechannels. In an example, a statistical method can comprise identifyingsignificant changes in the amplitude of electromagnetic signals recordedfrom a first region of the brain relative to the amplitude ofelectromagnetic signals recorded from a second region of the brain.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise findingthe power of waveform brain activity data from one or more channelsduring a period of time. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying a significant change in the power of waveform datafrom one or more channels. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying significant changes in the relative power levels ofone or more channels. In an example, a statistical method can compriseidentifying significant changes in the power of electromagnetic signalsrecorded from a first region of the brain relative to the power ofelectromagnetic signals recorded from a second region of the brain.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can comprise finding afrequency or a frequency band of waveform and/or rhythmic brain activitydata from one or more channels which repeats over time. In an example,Fourier Transform methods can be used to find a frequency or a frequencyband of waveform and/or rhythmic data which repeats over time. In anexample, a statistical method can comprise decomposing a complexwaveform into a combination of simpler waveforms which each repeat at adifferent frequency or within a different frequency band. In an example,Fourier Transform methods can be used to decomposing a complex waveforminto a combination of simpler waveforms which each repeat at a differentfrequency or within a different frequency band.

In an example, a primary statistical method for identifying patternsand/or changes in electromagnetic brain activity can compriseidentifying significant changes in the amplitude, power level, phase,frequency, covariation, entropy, and/or oscillation of waveform datafrom one or more channels. In an example, a statistical method cancomprise identifying significant changes in the amplitude, power level,phase, frequency, covariation, entropy, and/or oscillation of waveformdata within a selected frequency band. In an example, a statisticalmethod can comprise identifying significant changes in the relativeamplitudes, power levels, phases, frequencies, covariations, entropies,and/or oscillations of waveform data among different frequency bands. Invarious examples, these significant changes can be identified usingFourier Transform methods.

In an example, brainwaves or other rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeatingelectromagnetic signals associated with brain activity can be measuredand analyzed using one or more clinical frequency bands. In an example,complex repeating waveform patterns can be decomposed and identified asa combination of multiple, simpler repeating wave patterns, wherein eachsimpler wave pattern repeats within a selected clinical frequency band.In an example, brainwaves can be decomposed and analyzed using FourierTransformation methods. In an example, brainwaves can be measured andanalyzed using a subset and/or combination of five clinical frequencybands: Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. In an example, a method cananalyze changes in brainwaves in a single frequency band, changes inbrainwaves in multiple frequency bands, or changes in brainwaves in afirst frequency band relative to those in a second frequency band.

In an example, Delta brainwaves can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band of 1 to 4 Hz. In various examples, Delta brainwaves orother rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeating electromagnetic signalsassociated with brain activity can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. In an example, a method can track adecrease or increase in the relative power of brainwaves in the Deltaband. In an example, a method can track a frequency shift within theDelta frequency band. In an example, a method can track a change in waveshape for brainwaves in the Delta frequency band. In an example, amethod can track a change in which brain regions originate or modifybrainwaves within the Delta frequency band. In an example, a method cantrack a change in brainwave activity within the Delta band from theanterior vs. posterior areas of a person's brain. In an example, amethod can track a change in brainwave activity within the Delta bandfor a particular brain lobe or organelle. In an example, a method cantrack a change in brainwave activity within the Delta band as measuredfrom a specific sensor site, a specific sensor channel, and/or aspecific montage of channels.

In an example, Theta brainwaves can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band of 4 to 8 Hz. In various examples, Theta brainwaves orother rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeating electromagnetic signalsassociated with brain activity can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz,4-7 Hz, 4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. In an example, a method can trackchanges in the power of brainwaves in the Theta band. In an example, amethod can track a frequency shift within the Theta band. In an example,a method can track changes in wave shape for brainwaves in the Thetaband. In an example, a method can track a change in which brain regionsoriginate or modify brainwaves within the Theta band. In an example, amethod can track a change in brainwave activity within the Theta band asmeasured from a specific sensor site, a specific sensor channel, and/ora specific montage of channels.

In an example, Alpha brainwaves can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band of 7 to 14 Hz. In various examples, Alpha brainwaves orother rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeating electromagnetic signalsassociated with brain activity can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz,8-12 Hz, 8-13 Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 8-10 Hz. In an example, a methodcan track an increase or decrease in the relative power of brainwaves inthe Alpha band. In an example, a method can track a downward or upwardshift in the frequency of brainwaves within the Alpha band. In anexample, a method can track a change in wave shape for brainwaves in theAlpha frequency band. In an example, a method can track a change inwhich brain regions originate or modify brainwaves within the Alphafrequency band. In an example, a method can track a change in brainwaveactivity within the Alpha band on one side of a person's brain relativeto the other side. In an example, a method can track a change inbrainwave activity within the Alpha band in a particular brain lobe ororganelle. In an example, a method can track a change in brainwaveactivity within the Alpha band as measured from a specific sensor site,a specific sensor channel, and/or a specific montage of channels.

In an example, Beta brainwaves can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band of 12 to 30 Hz. In various examples, Beta brainwaves orother rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeating electromagnetic signalsassociated with brain activity can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. In an example, specific patterns or trendsin brainwaves in the Beta frequency band can be statisticallyidentified.

In an example, Gamma brainwaves can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band of 30 to 100 Hz. In various examples, Gamma brainwaves orother rhythmic, cyclical, and/or repeating electromagnetic signalsassociated with brain activity can be measured and analyzed within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 30-100 Hz, 35-100Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greater than 30 Hz. In an example, specific patternsor trends in brainwaves in the Gamma frequency band can be statisticallyidentified. In an example, a person can be identified as having the“World's Best Gamma” and receive an appropriately-labeled coffee mug.

In an example, a primary statistical method can employ multivariateanalysis of electromagnetic brainwave activity in the Delta, Theta, andAlpha frequency bands to identify patterns. In an example, a primarystatistical method can comprise calculating an arithmetic function, or achange in an arithmetic function, of the different power levels inmultiple frequency bands. In an example, a primary statistical methodcan comprise a difference, or a change in a difference, between powerlevels in different frequency bands. In an example, a primarystatistical method can comprise a ratio, or a change in a ratio, ofpower levels in different frequency bands. In an example, a primarystatistical method can comprise a sum, or a change in a sum, of powerlevels in different frequency bands. In an example, a primarystatistical method can comprise a product, or a change in a product, ofpower levels in different frequency bands.

In various examples, specific patterns of electromagnetic brain activitycan be analyzed and identified using one or more methods selected fromthe group consisting of: ANOVA or MANOVA; artificial neural network;auto-regression; Bonferroni analysis; centroid analysis; chi-squaredanalysis; cluster analysis and grouping; decision tree or random forestanalysis; Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), or other Fourier Transform methods; factor analysis; featurevector analysis; fuzzy logic model; Gaussian model; hidden Markov model,input-output hidden Markov model, or other Markov model; inter-bandmean; inter-band ratio; inter-channel mean; inter-channel ratio;inter-montage mean; inter-montage ratio; Kalman filter; kernelestimation; linear discriminant analysis; linear transform; logit model;machine learning; mean power; mean; median; multi-band covarianceanalysis; multi-channel covariance analysis; multivariate linearregression or multivariate least squares estimation; multivariate logitor other multivariate parametric classifiers; naïve Bayes classifier,trained Bayes classifier, dynamic Bayesian network, or other Bayesianmethods; non-linear programming; pattern recognition; power spectraldensity or other power spectrum analysis; principal components analysis;probit model; support vector machine; time-series model; T-test;variance, covariance, or correlation; waveform identification;multi-resolution wavelet analysis or other wavelet analysis; whole bandpower; support vector machine; and Z-scores or other data normalizationmethod.

In an example, a power source can be a rechargeable battery. In anexample, a power source can be selected from the group consisting of: arechargeable or replaceable battery; an energy harvesting member whichharvests, transduces, or generates energy from body motion or kineticenergy, body thermal energy, or body biochemical energy; an energyharvesting member which harvests, transduces, or generates energy fromambient light energy or ambient electromagnetic energy.

In an example, a data processing unit can process data from one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors. In an example a data processing unit canbe a microchip, circuit board, CPU, and/or miniature computer. In anexample, a data transmitter and/or receiver can be a wireless datatransmitter and/or receiver. In an example, data transmitter and/orreceiver can be in wireless communication with a remote computer, ahandheld electronic device, a separate wearable device, a separate arrayof wearable sensors, a communication network tower, a satellite, a homecontrol system, and/or an implantable medical device.

FIGS. 1 through 8 show examples of how this invention can be embodied ina hair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor comprising: (1) an arcuateframe which is configured to be worn on a person's head, wherein thisarcuate frame further comprises: (1a) a right ear loop which isconfigured to curve around the person's right ear; (1b) a left ear loopwhich is configured to curve around the person's left ear; (1c) aposterior loop which is connected to the right ear loop and the left earloop, where this posterior loop is configured to curve around aposterior portion of a person's head; (1d) a right upward-extendingmember which is configured to extend upward toward the top of theperson's head from the right ear loop and/or from the posterior loop,wherein this right upward-extending member has a first configuration inwhich its upper-most portion is a first distance from the top of theperson's head, wherein this right upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the right upward-extending member isconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration; and (1e) a leftupward-extending member which is configured to extend upward toward thetop of the person's head from the left ear loop and/or from theposterior loop, wherein this left upward-extending member has a firstconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a first distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein this left upward-extending memberhas a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is a seconddistance from the top of the person's head, wherein the second distanceis less than the first distance, and wherein the left upward-extendingmember is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; (2) one ormore electromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (3) a power source; (4) a dataprocessing unit; and (5) a data transmitter and/or receiver.

FIG. 1 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The top third of FIG. 1(two sequential pictures of the side of a person's head) shows thismonitor from a perspective looking at the side of a person's head. Themiddle third of FIG. 1 (two sequential pictures of the front of aperson's head) shows this monitor from a perspective looking at thefront of a person's head. The bottom third of FIG. 1 (two sequentialpictures of the top of a person's head) shows this monitor from aperspective looking down at the top of a person's head. The left side ofFIG. 1 (three pictures from three different perspectives) shows thismonitor at a first point in time, in a first configuration, before it isworn on the head and engages the person's hair. The right side of FIG. 1(three pictures from three different perspectives) shows this samemonitor at a second point in time, in a second configuration, when it isworn on the head and engages the person's hair.

The top third of FIG. 1 shows the hair-engaging mobile brain activitymonitor from a left side perspective. As seen in this top third of FIG.1, this brain activity monitor comprises: an arcuate frame which isconfigured to be worn on a person's head, wherein this arcuate framefurther comprises: a left ear loop 105 which is configured to curvearound the person's left ear; a posterior loop 107 which is connected tothe left ear loop 105, where this posterior loop 107 is configured tocurve around a posterior portion of a person's head; and a leftupward-extending member 103 which is configured to extend upward towardthe top of the person's head from the left ear loop 105, wherein thisleft upward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this left upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the left upward-extending member isconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration; one or more left-sideelectromagnetic energy sensors, 101 and 102, which collect dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; and a left-side housing 106which contains a power source, a data processing unit, and a datatransmitter and/or receiver. This example further comprises a left-sidehinge 104 between left ear loop 105 and left upward-extending member103.

The left side of the top third of FIG. 1 shows this monitor at firstpoint in time, in the first configuration, wherein posterior loop 107has been flexed outward, left ear loop 105 is not yet worn around theleft ear, and only the upper tip of left upward-extending member 103 hasbeen inserted into the person's hair. In these examples, the portion ofan upward-extending member which has been inserted into a person's hair,engaging the hair strands and/or sliding upwards under a layer of hair,is represented by dotted lines to show that it is partially obscuredfrom view. On the left side of the top third of FIG. 1, only the uppertip of left upward-extending member 103 is shown with dotted lines sinceonly the tip has been inserted into the person's hair at this time, inthe first configuration.

The right side of the top third of FIG. 1 shows this monitor at a secondpoint in time, in the second configuration, wherein posterior loop 107has flexed inward, left ear loop 105 is now worn around a portion of theleft ear, and most of the upward-extending member 103 has been upwardlyinserted into the person's hair, engaging the hair strands and/orsliding upwards under a layer of hair. This is why most ofupward-extending member 103 is shown with dotted lines on the right sideat this second point in time, in the second configuration.

The middle third of FIG. 1 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a frontal face perspective. This perspective showsright-side components of the monitor as well as left-side components.Right-side components shown for the first time in this perspectiveinclude: a right ear loop 115 which is configured to curve around theperson's right ear; a right upward-extending member 113 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theright ear loop 115, wherein this right upward-extending member has afirst configuration in which its upper-most portion is a first distancefrom the top of the person's head, wherein this right upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein the seconddistance is less than the first distance, and wherein the rightupward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend undera layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair,slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into orunder hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; one or more right-side electromagnetic energy sensors,111 and 112, which collect data concerning electromagnetic brainactivity; and a right-side housing 116 which contains a power source, adata processing unit, and a data transmitter and/or receiver. Thisexample further comprises a right-side hinge 114 between right ear loop115 and right upward-extending member 113.

The left side of the middle third of FIG. 1 again shows this monitor atfirst point in time, in the first configuration, but this time from afrontal face perspective. From this perspective, it can be clearly seenthat posterior loop 107 has been flexed outward, that right and left earloops 115 and 105 are not yet worn around the ears, and that only theupper tips of right and left upward-extending members 113 and 103 havebeen inserted into the person's hair. The right side of the middle thirdof FIG. 1 shows this monitor at a second point in time, in the secondconfiguration. From this perspective, it can be clearly seen thatposterior loop 107 has flexed inward, that right and left ear loops 115and 105 are now worn around the ears, and that most of right and leftupward-extending members 113 and 103 have now been inserted into theperson's hair. Also, in this example, the upper tips of right and leftupward-extending members 113 and 103 have been connected or attached toeach other in the second configuration.

The bottom third of FIG. 1 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a top-down perspective. The left side of thebottom third of FIG. 1 again shows this monitor at first point in time,in the first configuration. From this perspective, it can be clearlyseen that posterior loop 107 has been flexed outward, that right andleft ear loops 115 and 105 are not yet worn around the ears, and thatonly the upper tips of right and left upward-extending members 113 and103 have been inserted into the person's hair. The right side of thebottom third of FIG. 1 shows this monitor at a second point in time, inthe second configuration. From this perspective, it can be clearly seenthat posterior loop 107 has flexed inward, that right and left ear loops115 and 105 are now worn around the ears, and that most of right andleft upward-extending members 113 and 103 have now been inserted intothe person's hair. Also, in this example, the upper tips of right andleft upward-extending members 113 and 103 have been connected orattached to each other in the second configuration. Relevant example anddesign variations discussed elsewhere in this disclosure can also beapplied to the example shown here in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 1 except that the upper tipsof the right and left upward-extending members are not connected to eachother in the second configuration. Another difference between FIG. 2 andFIG. 1 is that FIG. 2 only shows the monitor in the secondconfiguration. Movement of the device from the first configuration tothe second configuration occurs in a manner similar to the device shownin FIG. 1, so these sequential perspectives are not shown again in FIG.2. The top third of FIG. 2 shows this monitor looking at the side of aperson's head. The middle third of FIG. 2 shows this monitor looking atthe front of a person's head. The bottom third of FIG. 2 shows thismonitor looking down at the top of a person's head.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 2, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 205which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 207 which is connected to the left ear loop 205, where thisposterior loop 207 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; and a left upward-extending member 203 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theleft ear loop 205, wherein this left upward-extending member has a firstconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a first distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein this left upward-extending memberhas a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is a seconddistance from the top of the person's head, wherein the second distanceis less than the first distance, and wherein the left upward-extendingmember is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; one or moreleft-side electromagnetic energy sensors, 201 and 202, which collectdata concerning electromagnetic brain activity; and a left-side housing206 which contains a power source, a data processing unit, and a datatransmitter and/or receiver. This example further comprises a left-sidehinge 204 between left ear loop 205 and left upward-extending member203.

The middle third of FIG. 2 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a frontal face perspective. This perspective showsright-side components of the monitor as well as left-side components.Right-side components shown for the first time in this perspectiveinclude: a right ear loop 215 which is configured to curve around theperson's right ear; a right upward-extending member 213 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theright ear loop 215, wherein this right upward-extending member has afirst configuration in which its upper-most portion is a first distancefrom the top of the person's head, wherein this right upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein the seconddistance is less than the first distance, and wherein the rightupward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend undera layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair,slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into orunder hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; and one or more right-side electromagnetic energysensors, 211 and 212, which collect data concerning electromagneticbrain activity. This example further comprises a right-side hinge 214between right ear loop 215 and right upward-extending member 213. Inthis example, the upper tips of right and left upward-extending members213 and 203 are not connected or attached to each other, even in thesecond configuration.

The bottom third of FIG. 2 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a top-down perspective. In this example, the uppertips of right and left upward-extending members 213 and 203 are notconnected or attached to each other, even in the second configuration.Relevant example and design variations discussed elsewhere in thisdisclosure can also be applied to the example shown here in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 except that there are two,generally parallel, upward-extending members on each side of theperson's head. The top third of FIG. 3 shows this monitor looking at theside of a person's head. The middle third of FIG. 3 shows this monitorlooking at the front of a person's head. The bottom third of FIG. 3shows this monitor looking down at the top of a person's head.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 3, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 305which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 307 which is connected to the left ear loop 305, where thisposterior loop 307 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a first left upward-extending member 303 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theleft ear loop 305, wherein this first left upward-extending member has afirst configuration in which its upper-most portion is a first distancefrom the top of the person's head, wherein this first leftupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the first left upward-extending member is configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; a second left upward-extending member 323which is configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the left ear loop 305, wherein this second left upward-extendingmember has a first configuration in which its upper-most portion is afirst distance from the top of the person's head, wherein this secondleft upward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the second left upward-extending member is configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; one or more left-side electromagneticenergy sensors, 301, 302, 321, and 322, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; and a left-side housing 306 whichcontains a power source, a data processing unit, and a data transmitterand/or receiver. This example further comprises a first left-side hinge304 between left ear loop 305 and first left upward-extending member 303and a second left-side hinge 324 between left ear loop 305 and secondleft upward-extending member 323.

The middle third of FIG. 3 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a frontal face perspective. This perspective showsright-side components of the monitor as well as left-side components.Right-side components shown for the first time in this perspectiveinclude: a right ear loop 315 which is configured to curve around theperson's right ear; a first right upward-extending member 313 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theright ear loop 315, wherein this first right upward-extending member hasa first configuration in which its upper-most portion is a firstdistance from the top of the person's head, wherein this first rightupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the first right upward-extending member is configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; a second right upward-extending member 333which is configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the right ear loop 315, wherein this second right upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein this secondright upward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the second distance, andwherein the second right upward-extending member is configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; and one or more right-side electromagneticenergy sensors, 311, 312, 331, and 332, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity. This example further comprises a firstright-side hinge 314 between right ear loop 315 and first rightupward-extending member 313 and a second right-side hinge 334 betweenright ear loop 315 and second right upward-extending member 333. In thisexample, the upper tips of right and left upward-extending members arenot connected or attached to each other, even in the secondconfiguration.

The bottom third of FIG. 3 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a top-down perspective. In this example, the uppertips of right and left upward-extending members are not connected orattached to each other, even in the second configuration. Relevantexample and design variations discussed elsewhere in this disclosure canalso be applied to the example shown here in FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 except that the upperportion of an upward-extending member bifurcates (looking similar to acapital letter “Y”). The top third of FIG. 4 shows this monitor lookingat the side of a person's head. The middle third of FIG. 4 shows thismonitor looking at the front of a person's head. The bottom third ofFIG. 4 shows this monitor looking down at the top of a person's head.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 4, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 405which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 407 which is connected to the left ear loop 405, where thisposterior loop 407 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a bifurcating left upward-extending member 403 which isconfigured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head from theleft ear loop 405, wherein this left upward-extending member has a firstconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a first distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein this left upward-extending memberhas a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is a seconddistance from the top of the person's head, wherein the second distanceis less than the first distance, and wherein the left upward-extendingmember is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; one or moreleft-side electromagnetic energy sensors, 401, 402, 421, and 422, whichcollect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; and a left-sidehousing 406 which contains a power source, a data processing unit, and adata transmitter and/or receiver. This example further comprises aleft-side hinge 404 between left ear loop 405 and left upward-extendingmember 403.

The middle third of FIG. 4 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a frontal face perspective. This perspective showsright-side components of the monitor as well as left-side components.Right-side components shown for the first time in this perspectiveinclude: a right ear loop 415 which is configured to curve around theperson's right ear; a bifurcating right upward-extending member 413which is configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the right ear loop 415, wherein this right upward-extending memberhas a first configuration in which its upper-most portion is a firstdistance from the top of the person's head, wherein this rightupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the right upward-extending member is configured to engage hair(e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; and one or more right-side electromagneticenergy sensors, 411, 412, 431, and 432, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity. This example further comprises aright-side hinge 414 between right ear loop 415 and rightupward-extending member 413. In this example, the upper tips of rightand left upward-extending members are not connected or attached to eachother, even in the second configuration.

The bottom third of FIG. 4 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a top-down perspective. In this example, the uppertips of right and left upward-extending members are not connected orattached to each other, even in the second configuration. Relevantexample and design variations discussed elsewhere in this disclosure canalso be applied to the example shown here in FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 except that the upperportion of an upward-extending member trifurcates (looking similar to atrident). The top third of FIG. 5 shows this monitor looking at the sideof a person's head. The middle third of FIG. 5 shows this monitorlooking at the front of a person's head. The bottom third of FIG. 5shows this monitor looking down at the top of a person's head.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 5, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 505which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 507 which is connected to the left ear loop 505, where thisposterior loop 507 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a trifurcating left upward-extending member 503 whichis configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's head fromthe left ear loop 505, wherein this left upward-extending member has afirst configuration in which its upper-most portion is a first distancefrom the top of the person's head, wherein this left upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein the seconddistance is less than the first distance, and wherein the leftupward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend undera layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair,slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into orunder hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; one or more left-side electromagnetic energy sensors,501, 502, and 521, which collect data concerning electromagnetic brainactivity; and a left-side housing 506 which contains a power source, adata processing unit, and a data transmitter and/or receiver.

The middle third of FIG. 5 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a frontal face perspective. This perspective showsright-side components of the monitor as well as left-side components.Right-side components shown for the first time in this perspectiveinclude: a right ear loop 515 which is configured to curve around theperson's right ear; a trifurcating right upward-extending member 513which is configured to extend upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the right ear loop 515, wherein this right upward-extending memberhas a first configuration in which its upper-most portion is a firstdistance from the top of the person's head, wherein this rightupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the right upward-extending member is configured to engage hair(e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; and one or more right-side electromagneticenergy sensors, 511, 512, and 531, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity. In this example, the upper tips of rightand left upward-extending members are not connected or attached to eachother, even in the second configuration.

The bottom third of FIG. 5 shows this same hair-engaging mobile brainactivity monitor from a top-down perspective. In this example, the uppertips of right and left upward-extending members are not connected orattached to each other, even in the second configuration. Relevantexample and design variations discussed elsewhere in this disclosure canalso be applied to the example shown here in FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 except that theupward-extending member is a loop. The top third of FIG. 6 shows thismonitor looking at the side of a person's head. The middle third of FIG.6 shows this monitor looking at the front of a person's head. The bottomthird of FIG. 6 shows this monitor looking down at the top of a person'shead.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 6, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 6005which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 6007 which is connected to the left ear loop 6005, where thisposterior loop 6007 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a left upward-extending member 6003 which is configuredto loop upward toward the top of the person's head from the left earloop 6005 and then back downward to left ear loop 6005, wherein thisleft upward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this left upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the left upward-extending member isconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration; one or more left-sideelectromagnetic energy sensors, 6001, 6002, 6021, and 6022, whichcollect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; and a left-sidehousing 6006 which contains a power source, a data processing unit, anda data transmitter and/or receiver.

The middle third and bottom third of FIG. 6 show this same hair-engagingmobile brain activity monitor from a frontal face perspective and atop-down perspective, respectively. Right-side components include: aright ear loop 6015 which is configured to curve around the person'sright ear; a right upward-extending member 6013 which is configured toloop upward toward the top of the person's head from the right ear loop6015 and then back downward to right ear loop 6015, wherein this rightupward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this right upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the right upward-extending member isconfigured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlockwith hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers,slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide undera layer of hair) in the second configuration; and one or more right-sideelectromagnetic energy sensors, 6011, 6012, 6031, and 6032, whichcollect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity. In this example,the upper tips of right and left upward-extending members are notconnected or attached to each other, even in the second configuration.Relevant example and design variations discussed elsewhere in thisdisclosure can also be applied to the example shown here in FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 6 except that theupward-extending member is a loop with multiple upward-facingprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth. The top third of FIG. 7 shows thismonitor looking at the side of a person's head. The middle third of FIG.7 shows this monitor looking at the front of a person's head. The bottomthird of FIG. 7 shows this monitor looking down at the top of a person'shead.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 7, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 7005which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 7007 which is connected to the left ear loop 7005, where thisposterior loop 7007 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a left upward-extending member 7003 which is configuredto loop upward toward the top of the person's head from the left earloop 7005 and then back downward to left ear loop 7005, wherein thisleft upward-extending member has multiple upward-facing protrusions,prongs, and/or teeth, wherein this left upward-extending member has afirst configuration in which its upper-most portion is a first distancefrom the top of the person's head, wherein this left upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein the seconddistance is less than the first distance, and wherein the leftupward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend undera layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair,slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into orunder hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; one or more left-side electromagnetic energy sensors,7001, 7002, 7021, and 7022, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; and a left-side housing 7006 whichcontains a power source, a data processing unit, and a data transmitterand/or receiver.

The middle third and bottom third of FIG. 7 show this same hair-engagingmobile brain activity monitor from a frontal face perspective and atop-down perspective, respectively. Right-side components include: aright ear loop 7015 which is configured to curve around the person'sright ear; a right upward-extending member 7013 which is configured toloop upward toward the top of the person's head from the right ear loop7015 and then back downward to right ear loop 7015, wherein this rightupward-extending member has multiple upward-facing protrusions, prongs,and/or teeth, wherein this right upward-extending member has a firstconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a first distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein this right upward-extending memberhas a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is a seconddistance from the top of the person's head, wherein the second distanceis less than the first distance, and wherein the right upward-extendingmember is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; and one ormore right-side electromagnetic energy sensors, 7011, 7012, 7031, and7032, which collect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity. Inthis example, the upper tips of right and left upward-extending membersare not connected or attached to each other, even in the secondconfiguration. Relevant example and design variations discussedelsewhere in this disclosure can also be applied to the example shownhere in FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in ahair-engaging mobile brain activity monitor. The monitor shown in thisexample is similar to the one shown in FIG. 7 except that there are twonested upward-extending loops with multiple protrusions, prongs, and/orteeth. The top third of FIG. 8 shows this monitor looking at the side ofa person's head. The middle third of FIG. 8 shows this monitor lookingat the front of a person's head. The bottom third of FIG. 8 shows thismonitor looking down at the top of a person's head.

As shown in the top third of FIG. 8, this brain activity monitorcomprises: an arcuate frame which is configured to be worn on a person'shead, wherein this arcuate frame further comprises: a left ear loop 8005which is configured to curve around the person's left ear; a posteriorloop 8007 which is connected to the left ear loop 8005, where thisposterior loop 8007 is configured to curve around a posterior portion ofa person's head; a first left upward-extending member 8003 which isconfigured to loop upward toward the top of the person's head from theleft ear loop 8005 and then back downward to left ear loop 8005, whereinthis first left upward-extending member has multiple protrusions,prongs, and/or teeth, wherein this first left upward-extending memberhas a first configuration in which its upper-most portion is a firstdistance from the top of the person's head, wherein this first leftupward-extending member has a second configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a second distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, andwherein the first left upward-extending member is configured to engagehair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch ontohair, mesh with hair, slide between hair layers, slide between hairstrands, slide into or under hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair)in the second configuration; a second left upward-extending member 8023which is configured to loop upward toward the top of the person's headfrom the left ear loop 8005 and then back downward to left ear loop8005, wherein this second left upward-extending member has multipleprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth, wherein this second leftupward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this second left upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the second left upward-extending memberis configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; one or moreleft-side electromagnetic energy sensors, 8001, 8002, 8021, and 8022,which collect data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; and aleft-side housing 8006 which contains a power source, a data processingunit, and a data transmitter and/or receiver.

The middle third and bottom third of FIG. 8 show this same hair-engagingmobile brain activity monitor from a frontal face perspective and atop-down perspective, respectively. Right-side components include: aright ear loop 8015 which is configured to curve around the person'sright ear; a first right upward-extending member 8013 which isconfigured to loop upward toward the top of the person's head from theright ear loop 8015 and then back downward to right ear loop 8015,wherein this first right upward-extending member has multipleprotrusions, prongs, and/or teeth, wherein this first rightupward-extending member has a first configuration in which itsupper-most portion is a first distance from the top of the person'shead, wherein this first right upward-extending member has a secondconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a second distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein the second distance is less thanthe first distance, and wherein the first right upward-extending memberis configured to engage hair (e.g. extend under a layer of hair,interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair, slide between hairlayers, slide between hair strands, slide into or under hair, and/orslide under a layer of hair) in the second configuration; a second rightupward-extending member 8033 which is configured to loop upward towardthe top of the person's head from the right ear loop 8015 and then backdownward to right ear loop 8015, wherein this second rightupward-extending member has multiple protrusions, prongs, and/or teeth,wherein this second right upward-extending member has a firstconfiguration in which its upper-most portion is a first distance fromthe top of the person's head, wherein this second right upward-extendingmember has a second configuration in which its upper-most portion is asecond distance from the top of the person's head, wherein the seconddistance is less than the first distance, and wherein the second rightupward-extending member is configured to engage hair (e.g. extend undera layer of hair, interlock with hair, latch onto hair, mesh with hair,slide between hair layers, slide between hair strands, slide into orunder hair, and/or slide under a layer of hair) in the secondconfiguration; and one or more right-side electromagnetic energysensors, 8011, 8012, 8031, and 8032, which collect data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity. In this example, the upper tips of rightand left upward-extending members are not connected or attached to eachother, even in the second configuration. Relevant example and designvariations discussed elsewhere in this disclosure can also be applied tothe example shown here in FIG. 8.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) system, device, or method which enables a person tocontrol environmental devices, appliances, and/or machines in differentaction modes based on common electromagnetic brain activity patternswhich are associated with the same control command across differentaction modes. In different embodiments, one or more action modes can beselected from the group consisting of: speaking a word, phrase, and/orcommand; using a touch screen or other touch-based human-to-computerinterface; manually moving a switch, button, dial, or knob on anenvironmental device; making a hand gesture; typing a word, phrase,and/or command; moving a computer mouse; moving one's eyes; and justthinking about controlling an environmental device.

In an example, a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system, device, ormethod can comprise: two or more calibration periods in which a personcontrols an environmental device in a selected manner by performingactions in two or more different action modes; and a subsequent periodin which the person controls the environmental device in the selectedmanner by performing an action in an action mode which is moreconvenient, efficient, and/or discreet than either of the first twoaction modes. In an example, the action mode in the subsequent periodcan be just thinking about controlling the environmental device in theselected manner. In an example, this invention can be part of theInternet of Thinks (IoT).

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) system comprising: a head-worn attachment; at least oneelectromagnetic brain activity sensor; a microphone; a touch screen; anda data processing unit. In this example, the data processing unit: (a)analyzes electromagnetic brain activity from a first time period withinwhich the person speaks a word or phrase to control an environmentaldevice, appliance, and/or machine in a selected manner; (b) analyzeselectromagnetic brain activity from a second period within which theperson uses the touch screen to control the environmental device,appliance, and/or machine in the selected manner; (c) identifies aspecific pattern shared by electromagnetic brain activity within thefirst and second periods of time which is associated with controllingthe environmental device, appliance, and/or machine in the selectedmanner; and (d) if the data processing unit detects that specificpattern of electromagnetic brain activity within a third time period,then the data processing unit controls the environmental device,appliance, and/or machine in the selected manner.

In an example, during the third time period the person neither speaks aword or phrase nor uses a touch screen in order to control theenvironmental device, appliance, and/or machine in the selected manner.In an example, during the third time period, the person can control thedevice, appliance, and/or machine in the selected manner via an externalaction selected from the group consisting of: using their hand to move aswitch, button, dial, or knob on the device; making a hand gesture;typing a word or phrase; moving a computer mouse; and moving their eyes.In an example, during the third time period, the person can control thedevice, appliance, and/or machine in the selected manner by justthinking, unaccompanied by any of these external actions.

In this example, this invention includes a microphone and has speechrecognition capability in order to recognize selected words, phrases,and/or commands which are spoken by the person wearing the device. In anexample, this invention can further comprise a database of selectedwords, phrases, and/or commands which are spoken by the person wearingthe device. In an example, commands can relate to controllingenvironmental devices, appliances, and/or machines. In an example, adatabase can comprise sets of different words or phrases which share thesame command meaning (such as sets of phrases with the same words indifferent orders or sets of phrases with word synonyms).

In an example, a database can associate specific electromagnetic brainactivity patterns with specific words, phrases, and/or commands. In anexample, a data processing unit can analyze data from theelectromagnetic brain activity sensor and analyze data from themicrophone in order to associated specific patterns of electromagneticbrain activity with specific words, phrases, and/or commands. In thisexample, there is a calibration period in which a data processing unitidentifies a person's specific electromagnetic brain activity patternwhich is associated with the person speaking a specific word, phrase,and/or command.

In an example, a database can associate a specific electromagnetic brainactivity pattern with a noun which represents a selected environmentaldevice, appliance, and/or machine. For example, there can be specificelectromagnetic brain activity patterns associated, respectively, withnouns such as “Light”, or “Temperature”, “Dishwasher”, “Edgar,” or“Door”. In an example, a database can associate a specificelectromagnetic brain activity pattern with a verb, adjective, orpreposition which represents a change in an environmental device,appliance, and/or machine. For example, there can be specificelectromagnetic brain activity patterns associated, respectively, withthe words such as “On”, “Off”, “Up”, “Down”, “Open”, “Close”, “Buy”, and“Sell”. In an example, a database can associate a specificelectromagnetic brain activity pattern with a command which is acombination of a noun plus a verb, adjective, or preposition. Forexample, there can be specific electromagnetic brain activity patternsassociated, respectively, with commands such as “Light On”, “Light Off”,“Light Up”, “Light Down”, “Temperature Up,” “Temperature Down”, “DroidsNot”, “Dishwasher On”, “Edgar On”, “Door Open”, and “Door Close”. In anexample, word order can be reversed in a command.

In an example, specific electromagnetic brain activity patterns can beidentified based on data from electromagnetic brain activity sensorswhich are positioned by a head-worn attachment on the surface portion ofa person's head which is closest to Broca's area in the brain. In anexample, electromagnetic brain activity sensors can be positioned at oneor more locations selected from the group of standard EEG electrodeplacement sites consisting of: C3, C4, Cz, F7, T3, and T4. In anexample, these sensors can be positioned by a head-worn attachment onthe surface portion of a person's head which is closest to Wernicke'sarea in the brain. In an example, the locations of multipleelectromagnetic brain activity sensors on a person's head can beautomatically adjusted for a particular person to optimize recognitionof that person's brain activity patterns. In an example, the locationsof multiple electromagnetic brain activity sensors on a person's headcan be automatically adjusted by actuators based on which application isoperating at a given time.

In this embodiment, this invention also includes a touch-basedhuman-to-machine interface which the person uses to control anenvironmental device, appliance, and/or machine. In an example, thisinterface can be a touch screen (e.g. a touch-responsive displayscreen). In an example, a touch screen can be part of a mobile hand-heldcomputing device or part of a wearable computing device. In an example,this touch screen can be responsive to touch by the person's fingers. Ina variation on this embodiment, this invention can comprise atouch-based human-to-machine interface which is not a display screen. Inan example, this interface can be touch-responsive fabric and/or atouch-responsive surface which is integrated into an article ofclothing. In an example, this interface can be a wearable computingdevice which does not have a touch screen, but does have atouch-responsive surface.

In an example, the data processing unit can know when a person movestheir finger on a touch screen in order to control the operation of anenvironmental device, appliance, and/or machine. In an example, a dataprocessing unit can know when a person uses a touch screen on ahand-held device because the data processing unit is in wirelesscommunication with the hand-held device. For example, this invention canrecognize when a person uses a touch screen to turn lights on or off. Inan example, this invention can know when a person uses a finger to openan application on a hand-held or wearable device in order to adjustenvironmental lighting, temperature, door access, music, communicationmode, and so forth. In an example, this invention can be in wirelesscommunication with a separate hand-held or wearable mobile device inorder to know when such touch-based environmental control actions occur.

In an example, this invention can create a database of specifictouch-screen actions performed by a person for controlling environmentaldevices, appliances, and/or machines. In an example, these touch-screenactions can be within one or more environmental control applications ona mobile device. In an example, these touch-screen actions can be withinone or more commerce and/or financial control applications on a mobiledevice. In an example, a database can associate specific electromagneticbrain activity patterns with specific touch-screen actions,respectively.

In an example, there can be a learning and/or calibration period inwhich a data processing unit identifies a person's specificelectromagnetic brain activity pattern which is associated with theperson performing a specific touch screen control action with respect toan environmental device. In an example, a database can includetouch-screen actions such as: opening a home environmental controlapplication and adjusting home temperature; opening a home lightingcontrol application and turning lights on or off and opening a commerceapplication and purchasing an item. In an example, this database canfurther include words, phrases, and/or commands which represent thesetouch screen control actions, such as “Temperature Up”, “Lights On”,“Open Door”, and “Buy It”.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can be worn on (or within) aperson's ear, incorporated into eyewear, or worn like a headband. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can be worn on, around, or in a person'sear. In an example, a head-worn attachment can be selected from thegroup consisting of: ear bud, ear clip, ear plug, hearing aid, ear ring,ear phone, ear muff, headphones, headband, and headset. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can be inserted (at least partially) into an earcanal. In an example, a head-worn attachment can be attached or clippedto an ear lobe. In an example, this invention can comprise only onehead-worn attachment which is on one side of a person's head. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can span both sides of a person's head.In an example, this invention can comprise two head-worn attachments,one on each side of a person's head.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can span the upper, rear, or frontsurface of the portion of a person's ear which connects the auricle tothe main body of the person's head. In an example, a head-wornattachment can span the upper and rear surfaces of the portion of aperson's ear which connects the auricle to the main body of the person'shead. In an example, a head-worn attachment can span the upper and frontsurfaces of the portion of a person's ear which connects the auricle tothe main body of the person's head.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can span between 5% and 25% of thecross-sectional perimeter of the portion of the person's ear whichconnects the auricle to the main body of the person's head. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can span between 5% and 25% of thecircumference of the portion of the person's ear which connects theauricle to the main body of the person's head. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can span between 25% and 50% of the cross-sectionalperimeter of the portion of the person's ear which connects the auricleto the main body of the person's head. In an example, a head-wornattachment can span between 25% and 50% of the circumference of theportion of the person's ear which connects the auricle to the main bodyof the person's head.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can span between 50% and 75% ofthe cross-sectional perimeter of the portion of the person's ear whichconnects the auricle to the main body of the person's head. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can span between 50% and 75% of thecircumference of the portion of the person's ear which connects theauricle to the main body of the person's head. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can span between 75% and 100% of thecross-sectional perimeter of the portion of the person's ear whichconnects the auricle to the main body of the person's head. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can span between 75% and 100% of thecircumference of the portion of the person's ear which connects theauricle to the main body of the person's head.

In an example, clockwise polar coordinates can be defined for an ear,with 0 degrees being the upper-most location where the auricle connectsto the main body of the head and 180 degrees being the lower-mostlocation where the auricle connects to the main body of the head. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can curve around an ear from a firstpolar location to a second polar location. In an example, the firstpolar location can be within the range of 270-350 degrees and the secondpolar location can be within the range of 10-90 degrees. In an example,the first polar location can be within the range of 270-350 degrees andthe second polar location can be within the range of 90-200 degrees

In an example, a head-worn attachment can be eyewear. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can be selected from the group consisting of:eyeglasses, goggles, visor, monocle, contact lens, VR glasses, ARglasses, and other eyewear. In an example, a head-worn attachment canspan from one ear to the other ear across a person's forehead. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can span both eyes. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can span eyebrows. In an example, a head-wornattachment can span from one ear to the other ear across a person'sface. In an example, an eyewear head-worn attachment can be onecontinuous piece. In an example, an eyewear head-worn attachment can becomprised of multiple connected pieces. In an example, an eyewearhead-worn attachment can be comprised of multiple hinge-connectedpieces. In an example, an eyewear head-worn attachment can be comprisedof multiple flexibly-connected pieces.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can be a headband. In an example,a head-worn attachment can encircle a person's head in a horizontalmanner plane when the person's head is upright. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can encircle a person's head at an acute angle withrespect to this horizontal plane, wherein this acute angle is within arange of 1-10 degrees. In an example, this angle can be within a rangeof 10-20 degrees. In an example, this angle can be within a range of20-45 degrees. In an example, a head-worn attachment can span at least30% of the circumference of the head at an acute angle with respect to ahorizontal plane when the person's head is upright, wherein this acuteangle is within the range of 1-10 degrees. In an example, this angle canbe in the range of 10-20 degrees. In an example, this angle can bewithin a range of 20-45 degrees.

In an example, a head-worn attachment can be selected from the groupconsisting of: headband, hair band, hair clip, hair comb, hat, cap,tiara, frontal loop, and rear loop. In an example, a head-wornattachment can be worn at least partially under a person's hair. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can have teeth or other protrusionswhich engage a person's hair. In an example, a head-worn attachment canbe circular, elliptical, or oval. In an example, a head-worn attachmentcan be shaped like a semi-circle or three-quarters of a circle. In anexample, a head-worn attachment can be arcuate. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can be sinusoidal. In an example, a head-wornattachment can span from one ear to the other ear, over the top of thehead. In an example, a head-worn attachment can span from one ear to theother ear, around the rear of the head. In an example, a head-wornattachment can have a first portion which spans from one ear to theother ear over the top of the head and a second portion which spans fromone ear to the other ear around the rear of the head. In an example, ahead-worn attachment can have a first portion which spans from one earto the other ear over the top of the head and a second portion whichspans from one ear to the other ear around the front of the head.

In an example, at least one electromagnetic brain activity sensor can beheld in proximity to a person's head by the head-worn attachment. In anexample, electromagnetic brain activity sensors can be a part of thehead-worn attachment. In an example, one or more electromagnetic brainactivity sensors can be modular and removably attached to the head-wornattachment. In an example, the locations of one or more electromagneticbrain activity sensors with respect to a head-worn attachment can bemanually or automatically adjusted. In an example, the proximity of anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor to a person's head can be manuallyor automatically adjusted. In an example, each electromagnetic brainactivity sensor can be paired with a nearby signal amplifier. In anexample, an amplifier can amplify voltage signals between the first andsecond (reference) electrodes by 2-5 orders of magnitude.

In an example, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can measureelectromagnetic energy emitted by a person's brain. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure changes inelectromagnetic energy flowing between two electrodes wherein thesechanges are due to electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltage fluctuationsresulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In anexample, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can be anelectroencephalography (EEG) sensor.

In an example, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can be acapacitive sensor. In an example, an electromagnetic brain activitysensor can be a dry electrode. In an example, an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor can be a wet electrode. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltage fluctuationsbetween a first electrode and a second (reference) electrode due toelectromagnetic brain activity. In an example, voltage differencesbetween a first electrode and a second (reference) electrode can becalled a “channel” In an example, a set of channels can be called a“montage.” In an example, a second (reference) electrode can be attachedto an ear. In an example, there can be two reference electrodes in asystem, one attached to each ear.

In an example, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can bepositioned by a head-worn attachment on the surface portion of theperson's head which is closest to Broca's area of the brain. In anexample, one or more electromagnetic brain activity sensors can bepositioned by the head-worn attachment at one or more locations selectedfrom the group of standard EEG electrode placement sites consisting of:C3, C4, Cz, F7, T3, and T4. In an example, an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor can be positioned by a head-worn attachment on thesurface portion of the person's head which is closest to Wernicke's areaof the brain. In an example, an electromagnetic brain activity sensorcan be positioned by a head-worn attachment on the surface portion ofthe person's head which is closest to the homunculus and/or primarymotor cortex of the brain. In an example, multiple electromagnetic brainactivity sensors can be positioned by a head-worn attachment on thesurface portions of the person's head which are closest to the superiortemporal gyms and the supramarginal gyms.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic brain activity sensors orchannels can be located on a person's head so as to most accuratelymeasure the activity of one or more brain areas selected from the groupconsisting of: Broca's area (of the Frontal Lobe), Wernicke's area (ofthe Occipital Lobe), Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Frontal Lobe,Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe, and Temporal Lobe. In an example, one ormore electromagnetic brain activity sensors or channels can be placed atone or more electrode placement sites selected from the group consistingof: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3, AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1,Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7,C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8, TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4,CP6, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz, P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz,PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2. In an example, an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor can be placed within an ear canal or attached to theauricle. In an example, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can bepositioned by the head-worn attachment on a person's temple and/orforehead.

In this example, this invention also includes a data processing unit. Inan example, a data processing unit can be a microchip, microprocessor,circuit board, CPU, computer, or other computing device. In an example,a data processing unit can be a part of (or directly attached to) ahead-worn attachment. In an example, a data processing unit can be indirect electromagnetic communication with an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor.

In an example, this invention can comprise a wireless data transmitterand/or receiver. In an example, a data processing unit can be separatefrom a head-worn attachment. In an example, a data processing unit canbe in a remote location. In an example, a data processing unit can be inwireless communication with an electromagnetic brain activity sensor. Inan example, a data processing unit can be part of a remote computingdevice selected from the group consisting of: electronically-functionalwrist band (e.g. a “smart watch”), electronically-functional eyewear(e.g. “smart glasses”), electronically-functional clothing (e.g. “smartclothing”), electronically-functional shoes (e.g. “wise sole”), otherwearable device, wearable data processing hub, mobile computer,electronic tablet, electronic pad, mobile phone, smart phone,internet-connected remote computer, communication network tower,satellite, home control system, and implanted medical device.

In an example, this invention can comprise two data processing units: afirst data processing unit which is part of the head-worn attachment (indirect electromagnetic communication with an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor) and a second data processing unit which is not part ofthe head-worn attachment (but is in wireless communication with thefirst unit). In an example, a first set of data processing functions canbe performed by the first data processing unit and a second set of dataprocessing functions can be performed by the second data processingunit. In an example, a first data processing unit can be in wirelesselectromagnetic communication with a second data processing unit in amobile hand-held device and the operation of this invention can becontrolled by an application on the mobile device. In an example, afirst data processing unit can be in wireless electromagneticcommunication with a second data processing unit in a wearableelectronic hub device and the operation of this invention can becontrolled by an application on the hub device.

In an example, this invention can further comprise a power source and/orpower transducer which supplies power to the electromagnetic brainactivity sensor and/or the data processing unit. In an example, a powersource can be a battery. In an example, a power source and/or powertransducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy from bodymotion or kinetic energy. In an example, a power source and/or powertransducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy from ambientlight energy. In an example, a power source and/or power transducer cantransduce, harvest, and/or generate energy from body thermal energy. Inan example, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce,harvest, and/or generate energy from ambient electromagnetic energy.

In an example, this invention can have components which enable it todetect actions in other modes for controlling environmental devices,appliances, and/or machines. In an example, this invention can include abody motion sensor or communication interface to detect a manual actionto control an environmental device, appliance, and/or machine. In anexample, this invention can recognize body motions which comprise manualcontrol of an environmental device. For example, this invention canrecognize when a person uses their hand to move a wall switch to turnlights on, to insert a key to unlock a door, or to turn a door knob toopen a door. In an example, this invention can recognize when a personuses their hand to move a switch, knob, dial, button, or other controlstructure on an environmental device in order to turn that device on oroff, adjust the device's power level, or otherwise adjust deviceoperation. In an example, this invention can be in wirelesscommunication with an environmental device in order to receivecommunication from that device when a person moves a switch, knob, dial,button, or other control structure on that device. For example, if theperson turns a knob on a dishwasher in order to turn the dishwasher on,then this can be wirelessly communicated to this invention so that thisinvention knows that this manual control action has occurred.

In an example, this invention can create a database of manual actions tocontrol environmental devices which are performed by the person wearingthe device. In an example, this database can also include specificelectromagnetic brain activity patterns which are associated with thosemanual control actions. In an example, this database can also includespecific words, phrases, and/or commands which are associated with thosemanual control actions. In an example, a data processing unit cananalyze data from an electromagnetic brain activity sensor and analyzedata from a body motion sensor and/or wireless communication from anenvironmental device in order to associate specific patterns ofelectromagnetic brain activity with specific manual control actions forenvironmental devices. In an example, there can be a calibration periodin which a data processing unit identifies a person's specificelectromagnetic brain activity pattern which is associated with theperson performing a specific manual control action with respect to anenvironmental device.

In an example, a database can include manual control actions such as:turning on a light with a wall switch; turning on a dishwasher byrotating a knob on the dishwasher; unlocking a door by inserting a key;opening a door by turning a door knob; and changing a temperaturesetting on a thermostat by rotating a dial. In an example, there canalso be words, phrases, or commands which are associated with thesemanual actions in the database—such as “Light On”, “Dishwasher On”,“Door Open”, and “Temperature Up”.

In an example, this invention can have components which enable it todetect actions in other modes for controlling environmental devices,appliances, and/or machines. In an example, this invention can include amechanism for recognizing hand gestures. In an example, this inventioncan recognize hand gestures via one or more motion sensors, infraredlight sensors, ultrasound sensors, radar sensors, EMG sensors, orcameras. In an example, this invention can create a database of handgestures to control environmental devices which are performed by theperson wearing the device. In an example, a specific hand gesture canrepresent a specific environmental device, appliance, and/or machine. Inan example, a specific hand gesture can represent a specific change inthe operation of environmental device, appliance, and/or machine. In anexample, this database can also include specific electromagnetic brainactivity patterns which are associated with those hand gestures. In anexample, this database can also include specific words, phrases, and/orcommands which are associated with those hand gestures. In an example, adata processing unit can analyze data from an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor and analyze data from a hand gesture detector in orderto associate specific patterns of electromagnetic brain activity withspecific hand gesture control actions for environmental devices.

In an example, a hand gesture detector can recognize one or more handgestures selected from the group consisting of: “finger tap” (palmfacing down with index tip moving down and up once); “finger double tap”(palm facing down with index tip moving down and up twice quickly);“finger press” (palm facing down with index tip pressing down forextended time); “finger slide right” (palm facing down with index ormiddle tip moving right and arcing left); “finger slide left” (palmfacing down with index or middle tip moving left and arcing right);“finger rub” (palm facing down with index or middle tip moving back andforth); “finger scroll down” (palm facing down with index or middle tipmoving down and arcing up); “finger scroll up” (palm facing down withindex or middle tip moving up and arcing down); “finger clockwise”(index or middle tip moving in a clockwise circle or arc of a circle);“finger counter-clockwise” (index or middle tip moving in acounter-clockwise circle or arc of a circle); “finger figure eight”(index or middle tip moving in a figure eight); “finger pinch” (thumband index or middle tip moving closer); “finger spread” (thumb and indexor middle tip moving apart); “finger merge” (index tips from both handsmoving together); “finger divide” (index tips from both hands movingapart); “grasp” (thumb and aligned fingers touch to form a “C”); “drink”(thumb and aligned fingers form a “C” and hand rotating toward person);“grab” (thumb and four fingers contracting simultaneously); “move down”(palm facing down with hand pivoting downward from wrist and/or elbow);“move up” (palm facing up with hand pivoting upward from wrist and/orelbow); “move right” (palm facing sideways with hand pivoting rightwardfrom wrist); “move left” (palm facing sideways with hand pivotingleftward from wrist); “hand rotation clockwise” (flat hand rotatingclockwise); “hand rotation counter-clockwise” (flat hand rotatingcounter-clockwise); “hold and turn clockwise” (first with thumb andindex extended and rotating clockwise); “hold and turncounter-clockwise” (first with thumb and index extended and rotatingcounter-clockwise); “outward palm” (flat hand with palm outward andthumb and all fingers extended); “hand wave” (flat hand with palmoutward and side-to-side motion); “chop” (flat hand with palm downwardand side-to-side motion); “fist” (thumb and all fingers contracted);“fist pump” (upright fist moving up and down); “fist bang or fist bump”(extended first moving down and up); “knock” (first pivoting downwardfrom wrist); “thumbs down” (fist with thumb extended downwards); “thumbsup” (fist with thumb extended upward); “point” (fist with index tipextended outward); “gun” (vertical fist with index and middle extendedoutward together); “V” or “peace sign” (outward-facing fist with indexand middle extended upwards apart); “scissors” (fist with index andmiddle apart and then together); “Vulcan salute” (outward-facing palmwith fingers up and separated between middle and ring); “cuckold/horns”(hand vertical with index and pinky upward); “me ape” (upward first withmiddle extended upward); “call me” (vertical fist with thumb and pinkyextended); “hang loose” (horizontal palm with thumb and pinky extended);“I Love You” (thumb, index, and pinky extended while middle and ringtouch palm); “OK” (thumb and index form a circle); “loser” (fist withthumb and index finger extended at a right angle); “no” (fist withraised extended index moving side to side); “finger cross” (thumb andmiddle fingers crossed); “finger snap” (middle sliding quickly from tipto base of thumb); “money” (tips of middle and thumb rubbing back andforth on each other); “come here” (upward or sideways facing fist withindex tip extended and moving inward); “blah blah” (thumb and horizontalextended fingers opening and closing together); “world's smallestviolin” (fist with thumb and index extended and rubbing); “writing”(fist with thumb and index touching and moving together); “thumb toindex” (thumb tip touching index finger tip); “thumb to middle” (thumbtip touching middle finger tip); “thumb to ring” (thumb tip touchingring finger tip); “thumb to pinky” (thumb tip touching pinky tip); agesture indicating a selected letter in sign language; and a gestureindicating a selected word in sign language.

In an example, this invention can have components which enable it todetect actions in other modes for controlling environmental devices,appliances, and/or machines. In an example, this invention can include aphysical keyboard, physical keypad, light-projected keypad, virtualkeypad, or other typing interface which enables a person to typecommands to control environmental devices, appliances, and/or machines.In an example, a keyboard or keypad can be part of a hand-held devicewith which a head-worn device is in wireless communication. In anexample, a keyboard or keypad can be part of a separate wearable device(such as a smart watch or wearable technology hub) with which ahead-worn device is in wireless communication. In an example, thisinvention can create a database of words, phrases, or commands tocontrol environmental devices which are typed by the person wearing thedevice. In an example, this database can also include specificelectromagnetic brain activity patterns which are associated with thosewords, phrases, or commands. In an example, this invention can include acomputer mouse which enables a person to control environmental devices,appliances, and/or machines. In another example, this invention caninclude an eye gaze tracker which enables a person to controlenvironmental devices, appliances, and/or machines by moving their eyes.

The data processing unit of this invention analyzes electromagneticbrain activity signals during different periods of time in order toidentify common patterns which occur during actions for the same controlpurpose across different action modes. In an example, a pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity which is associated with an action tocontrol an environmental device can be a transient and/or non-recurringpattern of electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, a transientpattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be a sequence of spikes orwaves which do not repeat. In an example, parameters used to identify anon-repeating pattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be selectedfrom the group consisting of: shape of one or more spikes; amplitude,maximum, or minimum of one or more spikes; frequency of multiple spikes;pattern covariation; pattern entropy; pattern signature; first andsecond order differentials; polynomial modeling; and composite sine wavemodeling.

In an example, a transient pattern of electromagnetic brain activitywhich is associated with an action to control an environmental devicecan be identified using one or more analytical methods which areselected from the group consisting of: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA),Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Auto-Regressive (AR) Modeling, BayesianAnalysis, Bonferroni Analysis (BA), Centroid Analysis, Chi-SquaredAnalysis, Cluster Analysis, Correlation, Covariance, Data Normalization(DN), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA), Discrete Fourier transform (DFT),Discriminant Analysis (DA), Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), FactorAnalysis (FA), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Feature Vector Analysis(FVA), Fisher Linear Discriminant, Fourier Transformation (FT) Method,Fuzzy Logic (FL) Modeling, Gaussian Model (GM), GeneralizedAuto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) Modeling, HiddenMarkov Model (HMM), Independent Components Analysis (ICA), Inter-BandPower Ratio, Inter-Channel Power Ratio, Inter-Montage Power Mean,Inter-Montage Ratio, Kalman Filter (KF), Kernel Estimation, LaplacianFilter, Laplacian Montage Analysis, Least Squares Estimation, LinearRegression, Linear Transform, Logit Model, Machine Learning (ML), MarkovModel, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Maximum Likelihood, Mean Power,Multi-Band Covariance Analysis, Multi-Channel Covariance Analysis,Multivariate Linear Regression, Multivariate Logit, MultivariateRegression, Naive Bayes Classifier, Neural Network, Non-LinearProgramming, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Power SpectralDensity, Power Spectrum Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),Probit Model, Quadratic Minimum Distance Classifier, Random Forest (RF),Random Forest Analysis (RFA), Regression Model, Signal Amplitude (SA),Signal Averaging, Signal Decomposition, Sine Wave Compositing, SingularValue Decomposition (SVD), Spine Function, Support Vector Machine (SVM),Time Domain Analysis, Time Frequency Analysis, Time Series Model,Trained Bayes Classifier, Variance, Waveform Identification, WaveletAnalysis, and Wavelet Transformation.

In an example, a transient pattern of electromagnetic brain activity canstart to occur with a specified period of time before an action. In anexample, this period of time can be under one minute. In an example,this period of time can be in the range of 1-10 seconds. In an example,this period of time can be different for different action modes. In anexample, a transient pattern of electromagnetic brain activity which isassociated with an action to control an environmental device can be atransient and/or non-recurring pattern of electromagnetic activity whichis concurrent with the action.

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity which isassociated with an action to control an environmental device can be thestart of a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern or waveform.In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity which isassociated with an action to control an environmental device can be achange in an already-occurring repeating electromagnetic brain activitypattern or waveform (e.g. “brainwaves”). In an example, a repeatingelectromagnetic brain activity pattern can be an oscillatory pattern. Inan example, a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can bemodeled as a composite of multiple sine waves. In an example, arepeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can be decomposed intosub-patterns in different frequency bands. In an example, thesefrequency bands can be selected from the group consisting of: Delta,Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma.

Ongoing brain waveforms classified as Delta waves can be within afrequency band selected from the group consisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asTheta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: from the group consisting of: 3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz, 4-7 Hz,4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asAlpha waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 8-13 Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and8-10 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified as Beta waves can be withina frequency band selected from the group consisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified as Gammawaves can be within a frequency band selected from the group consistingof: group consisting of: 30-100 Hz, 35-100 Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greaterthan 30 Hz.

In an example, the selection of which frequency band or bands are mostuseful for identifying a pattern of electromagnetic brain activityassociated with a control action can be identified during a calibrationperiod. In an example, complex repeating patterns can be decomposed intowave frequency bands and/or frequency power levels using FourierTransformation. In an example, parameters used to identify a pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity can be selected from the group consistingof: power level, amplitude, maximum value, minimum value, frequency,phase, covariation, entropy, latency, and waveform. In an example, achange in an already-occurring repeating brainwave can be a change inthe amplitude, power level, minimum value, and/or maximum value ofactivity within one or more selected frequency bands. In an example, achange in an already-occurring repeating brainwave can be a shift in thefrequency or phase of a waveform within one or more selected frequencybands. In an example, a change in an already-occurring repeatingbrainwave can be a change in the shape of a waveform within one or moreselected frequency bands.

In an example, a change in an already-occurring repeating brainwave canbe a change in the amplitude, power level, minimum value, and/or maximumvalue of activity within a selected frequency band relative to one ormore other frequency bands. In an example, a change in analready-occurring repeating brainwave can be a shift in the frequency orphase of a waveform within a selected frequency band relative to one ormore other frequency bands. In an example, a change in analready-occurring repeating brainwave can be a change in the shape of awaveform within a selected frequency band relative to one or more otherfrequency bands. In an example, a change in an already-occurringrepeating brainwave can be a change in the covariation of activity in aselected frequency band relative to activity in another frequency band.

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity which isassociated with an action to control an environmental device can beassociated with a particular sensor location, a particular channel,and/or particular montage of channels. In an example, a pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity can be a change in activity in a specificarea of a person's brain as measured from one or more specific sensorlocations on the person's head. In an example, this pattern can be atransient pattern which is recorded from one or more locations. In anexample, this pattern can be the start of a repeating pattern which isrecorded from one or more locations. In an example, this pattern can bea change in an ongoing repeating pattern which is recorded from one ormore locations. In an example, this pattern can be a change inelectromagnetic brain activity measured from one location or channelrelative to electromagnetic brain activity measured from one or moredifferent locations or channels. In an example, which channels are mostuseful for identifying a pattern of electromagnetic brain activityassociated with an action to control an environmental device can beidentified during a calibration period. In an example, differentchannels can be most useful for pattern identification at differenttimes during an action.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic brain activity sensors orchannels can be located on a person's head so as to most accuratelymeasure the activity of one or more brain areas selected from the groupconsisting of: Broca's area (of the Frontal Lobe), Wernicke's area (ofthe Occipital Lobe), Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Frontal Lobe,Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe, and Temporal Lobe. In an example, one ormore electromagnetic brain activity sensors or channels can be placed atone or more electrode placement sites selected from the group consistingof: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3, AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1,Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7,C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8, TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4,CP6, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz, P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz,PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2.

We now discuss the specific examples shown in FIGS. 9 through 16. FIGS.9 through 12 show an example of how this invention can be embodied in aBrain Computer Interface (BCI) system, device, or method which enables aperson to control environmental devices, appliances, and/or machines indifferent action modes based on electromagnetic brain activity patternswhich are associated with the same control command across differentaction modes. One or more action modes can be selected from the groupconsisting of: speaking a word, phrase, or command; using a touchscreen; manually moving a switch, button, dial, or knob on anenvironmental device; making a hand gesture; typing a word, phrase, orcommand; moving a computer mouse; moving one's eyes; and just thinkingabout controlling the environmental device. In this example, threeaction modes are used: (a) speaking a word, phrase, or command; (b)using a touch screen; and (c) just thinking about controlling theenvironmental device. The first two action modes (speaking and touching)are used during first and second calibration time periods and the thirdaction mode (thinking alone) is used in a third time period.

FIGS. 9 through 12 are sequential views of the same embodiment. FIGS. 9through 12 show both a system and a method. FIG. 9 shows this embodimentduring a first calibration time period in which a person controls anenvironmental device (a lamp in this example) in a selected manner byspeaking a word, phrase, or command, while an electromagnetic brainactivity sensor collects a first set of data concerning the person'sbrain activity which is associated with this action. FIG. 10 shows thisembodiment during a second calibration time period in which the personcontrols the environmental device (the lamp) in the selected manner bytouching a touch screen on a separate hand-held device, while theelectromagnetic brain activity sensor collects a second set of dataconcerning the person's brain activity associated with this action. FIG.11 symbolically represents how the data processing unit analyzes thefirst and second sets of data in order to identify a common pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity (e.g. which is found in both sets ofdata). FIG. 12 shows this embodiment during a third period of time inwhich the data processing unit recognizes this common pattern in theperson's electromagnetic brain activity (because the person is thinkingabout controlling the device) and controls the environmental device inthe selected manner even though the person is not speaking or using thetouch screen.

With respect to specific components of this Brain Computer Interface(BCI) system, FIG. 9 shows: a head-worn attachment 9001 which is worn onthe person's head; at least one electromagnetic brain activity sensor9002 which is part of the head-worn attachment member; a firstelectromagnetic brain activity pattern 9003 which is measured by the atleast one electromagnetic brain activity sensor during this time period;a data processing unit 9004; a data transmitter and receiver 9005; amicrophone 9006 on the head-worn attachment; wireless communication 9007between the data processing unit and a separate hand-held computingdevice; the separate hand-held computing device 9008; a microphone 9009on the hand-held computing device; a touch screen 9010 on the separatehand-held computing device; wireless communication 9011 between theseparate hand-held computing device and an environmental device (a lampin this example); and an environmental device 9012 (a lamp in thisexample).

In the example shown in FIGS. 9 through 12, this invention is a systemcomprising two separate devices which function together. The firstdevice is worn on the head and the second device is held in a hand. Inanother example of a system, the second device can be worn on adifferent location on the body. In another example, the second devicecan be a smart watch or wearable technology hub. In another example,this invention can be a self-contained head-worn device with all thecomponents and performing all the functions.

In FIG. 9, the person is controlling the lamp via a first actionmode—speaking a command. For example, the person can say “Light On.”This command is received by a microphone, understood by speechrecognition software, and becomes a command to turn the lamp on viawireless communication. In FIG. 9, the electromagnetic brain activitysensor measures a pattern 9003 of electromagnetic brain activity whichis associated with speaking this command. This pattern of brain activityis symbolically represented by the wavy line within a dotted line circleabove the person's head.

FIG. 10 is like FIG. 9 except that now the person is controlling thelamp via a second action mode—using a touch screen. For example, theperson can open an application on the hand-held device and touch an iconto turn the light on via wireless communication. In FIG. 10, theelectromagnetic brain activity sensor measures a pattern 10001 ofelectromagnetic brain activity which is associated with using the touchscreen in this manner. This pattern of brain activity is symbolicallyrepresented by the wavy line within a dotted line circle above theperson's head. Note that the details of electromagnetic brain activitypattern 10001 are different than the details of electromagnetic brainactivity pattern 9003, but that there are some similarities betweenthese two patterns. These pattern similarities can be due to commonunderlying mental processes which are involved in different actions toturn on a light, regardless of the specific mode of action through whichthis is done.

FIG. 11 shows a symbolic representation of a step wherein the dataprocessing unit analyzes electromagnetic brain activity pattern 9003 andelectromagnetic brain activity pattern 10001 in order to identify acommon pattern which they both share. In FIG. 11, this common pattern11001 is shown within a dotted-line circle at the bottom of the figure.In an example, a common pattern can be identified using one or morestatistical methods selected from the group consisting of: Analysis ofVariance (ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Auto-Regressive (AR)Modeling, Bayesian Analysis, Bonferroni Analysis (BA), CentroidAnalysis, Chi-Squared Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Correlation,Covariance, Data Normalization (DN), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA),Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Discriminant Analysis (DA), EmpiricalMode Decomposition (EMD), Factor Analysis (FA), Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), Feature Vector Analysis (FVA), Fisher Linear Discriminant,Fourier Transformation (FT) Method, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Modeling, GaussianModel (GM), Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity(GARCH) Modeling, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Independent ComponentsAnalysis (ICA), Inter-Band Power Ratio, Inter-Channel Power Ratio,Inter-Montage Power Mean, Inter-Montage Ratio, Kalman Filter (KF),Kernel Estimation, Laplacian Filter, Laplacian Montage Analysis, LeastSquares Estimation, Linear Regression, Linear Transform, Logit Model,Machine Learning (ML), Markov Model, Maximum Entropy Modeling, MaximumLikelihood, Mean Power, Monkey Darts (MD), Multi-Band CovarianceAnalysis, Multi-Channel Covariance Analysis, Multivariate LinearRegression, Multivariate Logit, Multivariate Regression, Naive BayesClassifier, Neural Network, Non-Linear Programming, Non-negative MatrixFactorization (NMF), Power Spectral Density, Power Spectrum Analysis,Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Probit Model, Quadratic MinimumDistance Classifier, Random Forest (RF), Random Forest Analysis (RFA),Regression Model, Signal Amplitude (SA), Signal Averaging, SignalDecomposition, Sine Wave Compositing, Singular Value Decomposition(SVD), Spine Function, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Time DomainAnalysis, Time Frequency Analysis, Time Series Model, Trained BayesClassifier, Variance, Waveform Identification, Wavelet Analysis, andWavelet Transformation.

FIG. 12 is like FIGS. 9 and 10 except that now the person is controllingthe lamp without either speaking or using the touch screen. In thisexample, the person is now turning on the lamp by just thinking aboutturning on the lamp. This thought is identified by the data processingunit based on detection of the common electromagnetic brain activitypattern 11001 which is associated with turning on the lamp by eitherspeaking or using the touch screen. This common pattern is detected andtriggers a command via wireless communication 12001 from the dataprocessing unit (via data transmitter) to the lamp. Other relevantcomponent and method variations which are discussed elsewhere in thisspecification can also be applied to the example shown here in FIGS. 9through 12.

FIGS. 13 through 16 show another example of how this invention can beembodied in a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system, device, and methodwhich enables a person to control environmental devices, appliances,and/or machines in different action modes based on electromagnetic brainactivity patterns which are associated with the same control commandacross different action modes. This example is like the one shown inFIGS. 9 through 12 except that now speech recognition occurs within ahead-worn component instead of a hand-held device.

FIGS. 13 through 16 are sequential views of the same embodiment. FIGS.13 through 16 show both a system and a method. FIG. 13 shows thisembodiment during a first calibration time period in which a personcontrols an environmental device (a lamp in this example) in a selectedmanner by speaking a word, phrase, or command, while an electromagneticbrain activity sensor collects a first set of data concerning theperson's brain activity which is associated with this action. FIG. 14shows this embodiment during a second calibration time period in whichthe person controls the environmental device (the lamp) in the selectedmanner by touching a touch screen on a separate hand-held device, whilethe electromagnetic brain activity sensor collects a second set of dataconcerning the person's brain activity associated with this action. FIG.15 symbolically represents how the data processing unit analyzes thefirst and second sets of data in order to identify a common pattern ofelectromagnetic brain activity (e.g. which is found in both sets ofdata). FIG. 16 shows this embodiment during a third period of time inwhich the data processing unit recognizes this common pattern in theperson's electromagnetic brain activity (because the person is thinkingabout controlling the device) and controls the environmental device inthe selected manner even though the person is not speaking or using thetouch screen.

With respect to specific components of this Brain Computer Interface(BCI) system, FIG. 13 shows: a head-worn attachment 13001 which is wornon the person's head; at least one electromagnetic brain activity sensor13002 which is part of the head-worn attachment member; a firstelectromagnetic brain activity pattern 13003 which is measured by the atleast one electromagnetic brain activity sensor during this time period;a data processing unit 13004; a data transmitter and receiver 13005; amicrophone 13006; wireless communication 13011 between the separatehand-held computing device and an environmental device (a lamp in thisexample); and an environmental device 9012 (a lamp in this example).

In FIG. 13, the person is controlling the lamp via a first actionmode—speaking a command. For example, the person can say “Light On.”This is received by the microphone, understood by speech recognitionsoftware, and becomes a command to turn the lamp on via wirelesscommunication. In FIG. 13, the electromagnetic brain activity sensormeasures a pattern 9003 of electromagnetic brain activity which isassociated with speaking this command. This pattern of brain activity issymbolically represented by the wavy line within a dotted line circleabove the person's head.

FIG. 14 is like FIG. 13 except that now the person is controlling thelamp via a second action mode—using a touch screen. For example, theperson can open an application on the hand-held device and touch an iconto turn the light on via wireless communication. In FIG. 14, theelectromagnetic brain activity sensor measures a pattern 10001 ofelectromagnetic brain activity which is associated with using the touchscreen in this manner. This pattern of brain activity is symbolicallyrepresented by the wavy line within a dotted line circle above theperson's head. Note that the details of electromagnetic brain activitypattern 10001 are different than the details of electromagnetic brainactivity pattern 9003, but that there are some similarities betweenthese two patterns. These pattern similarities can be due to commonunderlying mental processes which are involved in different actions toturn on a light, regardless of the specific mode of action through whichthis is done.

FIG. 15 shows a symbolic representation of a step wherein the dataprocessing unit analyzes electromagnetic brain activity pattern 9003 andelectromagnetic brain activity pattern 10001 in order to identify acommon pattern which they both share. In FIG. 15, this common pattern11001 is shown within a dotted-line circle at the bottom of the figure.

FIG. 16 is like FIGS. 13 and 14 except that now the person iscontrolling the lamp without either speaking or using the touch screen.In this example, the person is now turning on the lamp by just thinkingabout turning on the lamp. This thought is identified by the dataprocessing unit based on detection of the common electromagnetic brainactivity pattern 11001 which is associated with turning on the lamp byeither speaking or using the touch screen. This common pattern isdetected and triggers a command via wireless communication 16001 fromthe data processing unit (via data transmitter) to the lamp. Otherrelevant component and method variations which are discussed elsewherein this specification can also be applied to the example shown here inFIGS. 13 through 16.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) system, device, or method which enables a person tocontrol environmental devices, appliances, and/or machines in differentaction modes based on brain activity patterns which are associated withthe same control command across different action modes. In these variousexamples, one or more action modes can be selected from the groupconsisting of: speaking a word, phrase, or command; using a touchscreen; manually moving a switch, button, dial, or knob on anenvironmental device, appliance, and/or machine; making a hand gesture;typing a word, phrase, or command; moving a computer mouse; moving one'seyes; and just thinking about controlling an environmental device,appliance, and/or machine.

FIGS. 18 through 33 show additional examples of how this invention canbe embodied in a wearable mobile device for measuring electromagneticbrain activity. Before showing specific examples of how this device canbe configured to span from a person's ear to their forehead, it isuseful to define radial clock hour (or degree) vectors around a person'sear canal. This definition is provided by FIG. 17. FIG. 17 shows radialclock hour (or degree) vectors defined around the center of the earcanal outer opening. The 12 o'clock (or 0 degree) vector is a verticalline upwards from the center of the ear canal outer opening when theperson is standing upright. The 3 o'clock (or 90 degree) vector is ahorizontal line forward from the center of the ear canal outer openingwhen the person is standing upright. The 6 o'clock (or 180 degree)vector is a vertical line downwards from the center of the ear canalouter opening when the person is standing upright. The 9 o'clock (or 270degree) vector is a horizontal line backward from the center of the earcanal outer opening when the person is standing upright. FIG. 17 alsoshows intermediate clock hour (or degree) vectors which are locatedbetween these four vectors.

FIG. 17 can also be used to define the terms “rear”, “front”, “upper”,and “lower” with respect to a person's ear. The term “rear” can bedefined as spanning (some or all of) the directional quadrants clockwisebetween the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.The term “front” can be defined as spanning (some or all of) thedirectional quadrants clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6o'clock (180 degree) vectors. The term “upper” can be defined asspanning (some or all) of the directional quadrants clockwise betweenthe 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. The term“lower” can be defined as spanning some or all of the directionalquadrants clockwise between the 3 o'clock (90 degree) and 9 o'clock (270degree) vectors.

FIG. 18 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a side segment, wherein this side segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear tothe person's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or sideportion of the person's forehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this topsegment is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head)from the side segment to the top of the person's head; (d) at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear segment, the side segment, and/or the top segment,wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (f) adata transmitter; and (g) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 18 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a side segment, whereinthis side segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the person's ear to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the side segment tothe top of the person's head; (d) at least one EEG sensor which is heldin proximity to the person's head by the rear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment; (e) a data processor which receives data fromthe at least one EEG sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a powersource which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor,and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 18 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 1801 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); side segment 1802 (spanning from the person's ear to aside portion of the person's forehead); top segment 1803 (spanning fromthe side segment to the top of the person's head); electromagneticenergy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 1804, 1805, and 1806; dataprocessor 1808; data transmitter 1807; and power source 1809. In anexample, this device can be symmetric with respect to the right and leftsides of the person's head. In an example, this device can furthercomprise a rear segment, a side segment, and a top segment in asymmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person's head (notshown in this figure). In an example, right and left side top segmentscan connect at the top of the person's head.

In an example, the rear segment, side segment, and top segment can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, these segments can gently pressagainst the person's head when worn. In an example, these segments canbe made from a metal or polymer. In an example, these segments can haveprongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person's hair to make thedevice less obvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. Inan example, these segments can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, these segments can bebetween one quarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, thesesegments can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

As shown in FIG. 18, this device can include a rear segment whichcurves, loops, and/or hooks behind a person's ear. In an example, a rearsegment can be configured to help hold the device on a person's head byengaging the rear surface of the outer ear. In an example, a rearsegment can be configured to be worn entirely within one inch of theperson's outer ear. In an example, a rear segment of this device cancurve, loop, or hook around (some or all of) the rear-facing surface ofthe person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear withthe rest of the head.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can curve, loop, or hookaround a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock(180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of theperson's ear clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock(0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rear segment of this device cancurve, loop, or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwisebetween the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, the rear segment of this device can be configured to helphold the device on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear(or the tissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of theperson's head). In an example, a rear segment of this device can rest onthe top of a person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outerear with the rest of the head and project in a rearward and downwardmanner within the directional quadrants relative to the ear canalclockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree)vectors. In an example, a rear segment of this device can rest on thetop of the person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer earwith the rest of the head and project in a rearward and downward mannerwithin the directional quadrant relative to the ear canal clockwisebetween the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

As shown in FIG. 18, this device can include a side segment which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Aside segment of this device can be directly connected to a rear segmentof this device. In an example, side and rear segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the side and rear segments which connects them together.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a side segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a sidesegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a side segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, curve,or loop from the person's ear to the person's temple on the first sideof the person's head. In an example, the side segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of theperson's face. In an example, the side segment can span, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person'sforehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can protrude and/or projectforward from a person's ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17. In theexample shown in FIG. 18, the side segment projects forward from aperson's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 2o'clock (60 degree) vector. In an example, the side segment can projectforward from the ear along a vector which is substantially parallel tothe 1 o'clock (30 degree) vector. In an example, the side segment canproject forward from the ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 1 o'clock (30degree) and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least two incheslong. In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least fourinches long. In an example, a side segment of this device can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which is atleast two inches from a person's ear toward the person's temple. In anexample, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, curve, orloop from the person's ear to a position which is at least two inchestoward the person's eye. In an example, a side segment of this devicecan span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a positionat least two inches toward the center of person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, curve,or loop from the person's ear to a position which is between one quarterand three-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on the firstside of the head. In an example, a side segment of this device can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person'seye on the first side of the head. In an example, a side segment of thisdevice can span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to aposition which is between one quarter and three-quarters of the waytoward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be arcuate, wavy,and/or undulating. In an example, the side segment can be an arc, wave,or undulation with a rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. Inan example, a side segment of this device can have a shape selected fromthe group consisting of: arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval,loop, half-sinusoidal curve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In anexample, a side segment can have a concavity whose opening facesrearward. In an example, a side segment can have a concavity whoseopening faces along a vector which is parallel to a vector which isclockwise between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree)vectors. In an example, a side segment can have a concavity with a peakwhich faces frontward. In an example, the most-forward point of a sidesegment can be located on a person's temple. In an example, themost-forward point of a side segment can be located on the side of aperson's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can have a lower portionwhich is above the outer ear by a first distance and an upper portionwhich is above the outer ear by a second distance, wherein the seconddistance is greater than the first distance. In an example, the seconddistance can be at least two inches greater than the first distance. Inan example, the lower and upper portions of the side segment can bevertically aligned. In an example, a side segment can have a lowerportion which rests on the outer ear and an upper portion which isvertically above the outer ear. In an example, a side segment of thisdevice can have an upper portion which is located in the directionalquadrant clockwise between the 11 o'clock (330 degree) and 2 o'clock (60degree) vectors. In an example, a side segment of this device can havean upper portion which is clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree)and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors. In an example, a side segment of thisdevice can span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upward andforward from a person's ear to a location on the side of a person'sforehead and then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upwardand rearward to a location above the ear on the side of the head.

In an example, this device can have a top segment which spans from theside segment to the top of the person's head. As shown in FIG. 18, a topsegment of this device can span from the upper portion of the sidesegment to the top of the person's head (all on the first side of theperson's head). In an example, a top segment of this device on the firstside of the person's head can connect with the top segment of thisdevice on the second (opposite) side of the person's head. In anexample, the top and side segments of this device can be part of thesame continuous member and/or piece of material. In an example, thisdevice can further comprise another member which connects the top andside segments.

In an example, the top segment of this device can span the top of aperson's head within four inches of the uppermost point on the person'shead (when the person is standing up with their head up). In an example,the top segment of this device can span the top of a person's headwithin four inches of the position on the person's head which is theshortest vertically-oriented arc connecting the person's right and leftears. In an example, the top segment can further comprise prongs, teeth,or combs which engage the person's hair in order to make the top segmentless obvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person'shead.

In an example, this device can include at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by a rearsegment, a side segment, or a top segment. In an example, this at leastone electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity. In an example, this device can includeat least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is part of, attachedto, or held by a rear segment, a side segment, or a top segment. In anexample, this device can comprise at least three electromagnetic energysensors which are part of, attached to, or held by rear, side, and topsegments, respectively. In example, each of the three segments can haveat least one electromagnetic energy sensor.

In an example, this device can comprise at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is a permanent part of a rear segment. In anexample, this device can comprise at least one electromagnetic energysensor which can be removably attached to the rear segment. In anexample, this device can comprise at least one electromagnetic energysensor which is movably and/or slideably attached to the rear segment sothat the exact location of the electromagnetic energy sensor on the rearsegment can be adjusted. In an example, this adjustment can be donemanually. In an example, this adjustment can be done automatically by anactuator.

In an example, this device can comprise at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is a permanent part of a side segment. In anexample, this device can comprise at least one electromagnetic energysensor which can be removably attached to the side segment. In anexample, this device can comprise at least one electromagnetic energysensor which is movably and/or slideably attached to the side segment sothat the exact location of the electromagnetic energy sensor on the sidesegment can be adjusted. In an example, this adjustment can be donemanually. In an example, this adjustment can be done automatically by anactuator. In an example, at least one electromagnetic energy sensor canbe part of, or attached to, the side segment at a location which isforward from the person's hairline in order to have more direct contactwith the person's skin.

In an example, this device can comprise at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is a permanent part of a top segment. In an example,this device can comprise at least one electromagnetic energy sensorwhich can be removably attached to the top segment. In an example, thisdevice can comprise at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which ismovably and/or slideably attached to the top segment so that the exactlocation of the electromagnetic energy sensor on the top segment can beadjusted. In an example, this adjustment can be done manually. In anexample, this adjustment can be done automatically by an actuator.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can be anelectromagnetic energy receiver which receives electromagnetic energywhich is naturally generated by the electromagnetic activity of thebrain. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise anelectromagnetic energy emitter at a first location and anelectromagnetic energy receiver at a second location, wherein theelectromagnetic energy receiver receives energy which has beentransmitted from the electromagnetic energy emitter through body tissue.In an example, the electromagnetic energy receiver can collect dataconcerning (changes in) the conductivity, resistance, and/or impedanceof electromagnetic energy transmitted through body tissue from theelectromagnetic energy emitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver.In an example, an electromagnetic energy emitter and an electromagneticenergy receiver can together be referred to as an electromagnetic energysensor.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor of this device can be anelectroencephalographic (EEG) sensor. In an example, the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor can be a dry sensor. In an example, the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor can be a wet sensor. In anexample, the electromagnetic energy sensor can be an inductive sensor.In an example, the electromagnetic energy sensor can be a capacitivesensor. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise anelectromagnetic energy emitter and an electromagnetic energy receiver.In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise only anelectromagnetic energy receiver. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be an EEG sensor which collects data concerning thenatural emission of electromagnetic energy by a person's brain. In anexample, an electromagnetic energy sensor can collect data concerningchanges in transmission of electromagnetic energy from an emitter to areceiver due to changes in electromagnetic brain activity. In anexample, an electromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltagefluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of thebrain.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor which collects dataconcerning brain activity can measure voltage fluctuations between afirst electrode (e.g. sensor) and a second (reference) electrode (e.g.sensor) due to electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, voltagedifferences between a first electrode and a second (reference) electrodecan be called a “channel” In an example, a set of channels can be calleda “montage.”

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be achange in activity in a specific area of a person's brain. In anexample, this pattern can be a transient pattern. In an example, thispattern can be a repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern can be achange in an ongoing repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern canbe a change in electromagnetic brain activity measured from one locationor channel relative to electromagnetic brain activity measured from oneor more different locations or channels. In an example, one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerning brainactivities or channels can be placed at one or more placement sitesselected from the group consisting of: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3,AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3,FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7, C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8,TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, DJC, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz,P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz, PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2.

In an example, a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can bemodeled as a composite of multiple sine waves. In an example, arepeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can be decomposed intosub-patterns in different frequency bands. In an example, thesefrequency bands can be selected from the group consisting of: Delta,Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asDelta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4 Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. Ongoingbrain waveforms classified as Theta waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: from the group consisting of:3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz, 4-7 Hz, 4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Alpha waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 8-13Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 8-10 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asBeta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30 Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24 Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Gamma waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: group consisting of: 30-100 Hz,35-100 Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greater than 30 Hz.

In an example, this device can include a data processor which receivesdata from at least one electromagnetic energy sensor. In an example, adata processor can be selected from the group consisting of: centralprocessing unit, microchip, and microprocessor. In an example, patternsof electromagnetic brain activity can be analyzed using one or moremethods selected from the group consisting of: Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Auto-Regressive (AR) Modeling,Bayesian Analysis, Bonferroni Analysis (BA), Centroid Analysis,Chi-Squared Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Correlation, Covariance, DataNormalization (DN), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA), Discrete Fouriertransform (DFT), Discriminant Analysis (DA), Empirical ModeDecomposition (EMD), Factor Analysis (FA), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),Feature Vector Analysis (FVA), Fisher Linear Discriminant, FourierTransformation (FT) Method, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Modeling, Gaussian Model(GM), Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)Modeling, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Independent Components Analysis(ICA), Inter-Band Power Ratio, Inter-Channel Power Ratio, Inter-MontagePower Mean, Inter-Montage Ratio, Kalman Filter (KF), Kernel Estimation,Laplacian Filter, Laplacian Montage Analysis, Least Squares Estimation,Linear Regression, Linear Transform, Logit Model, Machine Learning (ML),Markov Model, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Maximum Likelihood, Mean Power,Multi-Band Covariance Analysis, Multi-Channel Covariance Analysis,Multivariate Linear Regression, Multivariate Logit, MultivariateRegression, Naive Bayes Classifier, Neural Network, Non-LinearProgramming, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Power SpectralDensity, Power Spectrum Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),Probit Model, Quadratic Minimum Distance Classifier, Random Forest (RF),Random Forest Analysis (RFA), Axisymmetric Buoyant Jet Analysis, RegiModel, Regression Model, Signal Amplitude (SA), Signal Averaging, SignalDecomposition, Sine Wave Compositing, Singular Value Decomposition(SVD), Spine Function, Support Vector and/or Machine (SVM), Time DomainAnalysis, Time Frequency Analysis, Time Series Model, Trained BayesClassifier, Variance, Waveform Identification, Wavelet Analysis, andWavelet Transformation.

In an example, this device can include a wireless data transmitterand/or receiver. In an example, a first data processor and/or datatransmitter which is physically part of a wearable component can be inelectronic communication with a second data processor and/or datareceiver which is not physically part of a wearable component. In anexample, data processing can be distributed between first and seconddata processors. In an example, a second data processor can be part of aremote computing device. In an example, a second data processor can bepart of a wearable data processing hub, mobile computer, electronictablet, electronic pad, mobile phone, smart phone, implanted medicaldevice, internet-connected remote computer, communication network tower,satellite, or home control system.

In an example, this device can include a power source which powers anelectromagnetic energy sensor, a data processor, and/or a datatransmitter. In an example, a power source can be a battery. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from body motion or kinetic energy. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from ambient light energy. In an example, a powersource and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generateenergy from body thermal energy. In an example, a power source and/orpower transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy fromambient electromagnetic energy.

In an example, this device can serve as a human-to-computer-interface(HCl) based on electromagnetic brain activity. In addition, this devicecan further comprise one or more other human-to-computer-interface (HCl)components. One or more human-computer-interface components can beselected from the group consisting of: touch screen, gesture recognitioninterface, speech and/or voice recognition interface, button and/orkeypad, dial and/or knob, and motion sensor. In an example, this devicecan further comprise one or more computer-to-human interface (HCl)components. One or more computer-to-human interface components can beselected from the group consisting of: display screen, light emitterand/or light-emitting array, light-emitting fabric, optical emitter,speaker, buzzer, or other sound-emitting member, electromagnetic signalgenerator, vibrating member, actuator, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems(MEMS), augmented reality eyewear, virtual reality eyewear, andelectronically-functional eyewear.

FIG. 19 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity. Thisexample in FIG. 19 is like the example shown in FIG. 18, except that theexample in FIG. 19 further comprises a frontal-ear segment. Thisfrontal-ear segment curves around (a portion of) the front of theperson's outer ear. Other components of the example shown in FIG. 19(including the rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter, andpower source) can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 18. Further,relevant portions of the narrative accompanying other figures in thisdisclosure such as FIG. 18 can be applied to the example shown here inFIG. 19. These portions are not repeated here in order to avoidnarrative redundancy.

FIG. 19 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein this frontal-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear onthe first side of the person's head; (c) a side segment, wherein thisside segment is configured to span (on the first side of the person'shead) from the person's ear to the person's temple, side portion of theperson's face, and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (d) a topsegment, wherein this top segment is configured to span (on the firstside of the person's head) from the side segment to the top of theperson's head; (e) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which isheld in proximity to the person's head by the rear segment, thefrontal-ear segment, the side segment, and/or the top segment, whereinthe at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (f) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (g) a datatransmitter; and (h) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 19 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a frontal-ear segment,wherein this frontal-ear segment is configured to be worn on thefront-facing surface of the person's ear on the first side of theperson's head; (c) a side segment, wherein this side segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theperson's ear to the person's temple, side portion of the person's face,and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (d) a top segment, whereinthis top segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the side segment to the top of the person's head;(e) at least one EEG sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear segment, the frontal-ear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment; (f) a data processor which receives data fromthe at least one EEG sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h) a powersource which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor,and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 19 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 1901 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); frontal-ear segment 1902 (worn on the front-facingsurface of the person's ear); side segment 1903 (spanning from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead); top segment1904 (spanning from the side segment to the top of the person's head);electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 1905, 1906, and1907; data processor 1909; data transmitter 1908; and power source 1910.In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to the rightand left sides of the person's head. In an example, this device canfurther comprise a rear segment, a frontal-ear segment, a side segment,and a top segment in a symmetric configuration on the opposite side ofthe person's head (not shown in this figure). In an example, right andleft side top segments can connect at the top of the person's head.

The rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter andpower source of the example shown in FIG. 19 can have the same featuresand variations as their corresponding components in the example that wasshown in FIG. 18. Relevant portions of the narrative accompanying otherfigures in this disclosure such as FIG. 18 can also be applied to theexample shown here in FIG. 19. These relevant portions are not repeatedhere in order to avoid narrative redundancy.

The example shown in FIG. 19 includes a frontal-ear segment that isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear.In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be directly connected to a rearsegment. In an example, frontal-ear and rear segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the frontal-ear and rear segments which connects them together.In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be directly connected to a sidesegment. In an example, frontal-ear and side segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the frontal-ear and side segments which connects them together.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can have a shape which is selectedfrom the group consisting of: portion of a circle; portion of a spiral;portion of a parabolic curve; portion of a sinusoidal curve; and conicsection. In an example, a frontal-ear segment can gently press againstor otherwise engage the outer surface of a person's ear in order to helphold the device on the person's head. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can gently protrude into a portion of the person's ear canal inorder in order to help hold the device on the person's head. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can further comprise a speaker. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can hold a speaker close to the ear canalopening for discreet audio communication. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can be resiliently-flexible. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can be made from a metal or polymer. In an example, afrontal-ear segment can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, a frontal-ear segment canhave a width between one-eighth inch and one inch.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude,undulate, and/or hook around the front of a person's ear. In an example,a frontal-ear segment can be configured to help hold the device on aperson's head by engaging the frontal surface of the outer ear. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to be worn entirelywithin two inches of the person's outer ear. In an example, afrontal-ear segment of this device can curve, loop, protrude, undulate,and/or hook around (some or all of) the front-facing surface of theperson's outer ear. In an example, a frontal-ear segment of this devicecan curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around (some or all of)the frontal portion of tissue which connects the outer ear with the restof the head. In an example, a frontal-ear segment of this device can beconfigured to curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around a sideportion of the person's face which is within one inch of the person'sear.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can further comprise an opening which is configured to receivethe side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this devicecan be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can further comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism towhich the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can beattached so that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.In an example, a frontal-ear segment can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude,undulate, and/or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwisebetween the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. Inan example, a frontal-ear segment of this device can curve, loop,protrude, undulate, and/or hook around a portion of the person's earclockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree)vectors. In an example, a frontal-ear segment of this device can curve,loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around a portion of the person'sear clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 2 o'clock (60degree) vectors.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to help hold thedevice on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or thetissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of the person'shead). In an example, a frontal-ear segment can rest on the top of aperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a frontward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise betweenthe 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can rest on the top of the person's outerear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the headand project in a frontward and downward manner within the directionalquadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors.

FIG. 20 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity. Thisexample in FIG. 20 is like the example shown in FIG. 18, except that theside segment in FIG. 20 loops lower. In this example, the side segmentloops down within the quadrant clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) to 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. A lower-looping side segmentcan help to better hold the device on the person's head. Othercomponents of the example shown in FIG. 20 (including the rear segment,top segment, at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, data processor,data transmitter, and power source) can have the same features andvariations as the corresponding components in the example shown in FIG.18. Further, relevant portions of the narrative accompanying otherfigures in this disclosure such as FIG. 18 can be applied to the exampleshown here in FIG. 20. These portions are not repeated here in order toavoid narrative redundancy.

FIG. 20 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a side segment, wherein this side segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear tothe person's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or sideportion of the person's forehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this topsegment is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head)from the side segment to the top of the person's head; (d) at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear segment, the side segment, and/or the top segment,wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (f) adata transmitter; and (g) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 20 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a side segment, whereinthis side segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the person's ear to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the side segment tothe top of the person's head; (d) at least one EEG sensor which is heldin proximity to the person's head by the rear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment; (e) a data processor which receives data fromthe at least one EEG sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a powersource which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor,and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 20 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2001 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); side segment 2002 (spanning from the person's ear to aside portion of the person's forehead); top segment 2003 (spanning fromthe side segment to the top of the person's head); electromagneticenergy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2004, 2005, and 2006; dataprocessor 2008; data transmitter 2007; and power source 2009. In anexample, this device can be symmetric with respect to the right and leftsides of the person's head. In an example, this device can furthercomprise a rear segment, a side segment, and a top segment in asymmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person's head (notshown in this figure). In an example, right and left side top segmentscan connect at the top of the person's head.

The rear segment, top segment, at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter and power source of the exampleshown in FIG. 20 can have the same features and variations as theircorresponding components in the example that was shown in FIG. 18.Relevant portions of the narrative accompanying other figures in thisdisclosure such as FIG. 18 can also be applied to the example shown herein FIG. 20. These relevant portions are not repeated here in order toavoid narrative redundancy.

As shown in FIG. 20, this device can include a side segment which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Aside segment of this device can be directly connected to a rear segmentof this device. In an example, side and rear segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the side and rear segments which connects them together.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a side segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a sidesegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a side segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, curve,or loop from the person's ear to the person's temple on the first sideof the person's head. In an example, the side segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of theperson's face. In an example, the side segment can span, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person'sforehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can protrude, project, arc,and/or undulate forward from a person's ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 3o'clock (90 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.In the example shown in FIG. 20, the side segment projects forward froma person's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 4o'clock (120 degree) vector and then loops upward onto the side of theperson's face and/or forehead. In an example, the side segment canproject forward from the ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to the 5 o'clock (150 degree) vector and then loop upward ontothe side of the person's face and/or forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least two incheslong. In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least fourinches long. In an example, a side segment of this device can span,protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loop from the person's ear to aposition which is at least two inches from a person's ear toward theperson's temple. In an example, a side segment of this device can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which is atleast two inches toward the person's eye. In an example, a side segmentof this device can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loop from theperson's ear to a position at least two inches toward the center ofperson's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, curve,undulate, and/or loop from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person'stemple on the first side of the head. In an example, a side segment ofthis device can span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear toa position which is between one quarter and three-quarters of the waytoward the person's eye on the first side of the head. In an example, aside segment of this device can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/orloop from the person's ear to a position which is between one quarterand three-quarters of the way toward the center of the person'sforehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be arcuate, wavy,and/or undulating. In an example, the side segment can be an arc, wave,or undulation with a rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. Inan example, a side segment of this device can have a shape selected fromthe group consisting of: arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval,loop, half-sinusoidal curve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In anexample, a side segment can have a concavity whose opening facesrearward. In an example, a side segment can have a concavity whoseopening faces along a vector which is parallel to a vector which isclockwise between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree)vectors. In an example, a side segment can have a concavity with a peakwhich faces frontward. In an example, the most-forward point of a sidesegment can be located on a person's temple. In an example, themost-forward point of a side segment can be located on the side of aperson's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can have a lower portionwhich is above the bottom of the outer ear by a first distance and anupper portion which is above the bottom of the outer ear by a seconddistance, wherein the second distance is greater than the firstdistance. In an example, the second distance can be at least two inchesgreater than the first distance. In an example, the lower and upperportions of the side segment can be vertically aligned. In an example, aside segment can have a lower portion which rests on the outer ear andan upper portion which is vertically above the outer ear.

In an example, a side segment of this device can have an upper portionwhich is located in the directional quadrant clockwise between the 11o'clock (330 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, aside segment of this device can have an upper portion which is clockwisebetween the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. Inan example, a side segment of this device can span (in an arcuate and/orundulating manner) downward and forward from a person's ear to alocation on the side of a person's forehead, then span (in an arcuateand/or undulating manner) upward, and then span (in an arcuate and/orundulating manner) upward and rearward to a location above the ear onthe side of the head. In an example, a side segment can further comprisetwo portions (or sub-segments) which are substantially parallel to eachother, one higher and one lower, and connected by a frontal loop.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) device comprising: a rear ear-engaging segment, whereinthe rear ear-engaging segment is configured to be worn on a first sideof a person's head around at least a portion of the rear-facing surfaceof the person's ear on the first side; a side segment, wherein this sidesegment is configured to span on the first side of the person's headfrom the rear ear-engaging segment to the person's temple, to a sideportion of the person's face, and/or to a side portion of the person'sforehead; a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured to spanon the first side of the person's head from the side segment to the topof the person's head; at least one electromagnetic energy sensor whichis held in proximity to the person's head by the rear ear-engagingsegment, the side segment, or the top segment, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; a data processor which receives data from the at leastone electromagnetic energy sensor; a data transmitter; and a powersource which powers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, thedata processor, and/or the data transmitter.

In an example, the rear ear-engaging, side, and top segments can all beparts of an arcuate undulating band. In an example, this device canfurther comprise rear ear-engaging, side, and top segments on a secondside of the person's head opposite to the first side, and wherein firstside and second side top segments connect at the top of the person'shead. In an example, the side segment can be configured to protrude,project, arc, and/or undulate forward from a person's ear along a vectorwhich is substantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise betweenthe 3 o'clock (90 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors, whereinthese vectors are defined with respect to a side view of the person'sear canal. In an example, the side segment can be configured to span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear: at least two inchestoward the person's eye; at least two inches toward the center of theperson's forehead; between one quarter and three-quarters of the waytoward the person's eye; or between one quarter and three-quarters ofthe way toward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, the side segment can have a shape selected from the groupconsisting of: arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop,half-sinusoidal curve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In anexample, the side segment can have an arc, wave, or undulation with arear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, the sidesegment can have a concavity whose opening faces along a vector which isparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7 o'clock (210degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors, wherein these vectors aredefined with respect to a side view of the person's ear canal. In anexample, the side segment can be configured to have a lower portionwhich rests on the outer ear and an upper portion which is verticallyabove the outer ear. In an example, the side segment can be configuredto: (a) span in an arcuate and/or undulating manner downward and forwardfrom a person's ear to a location on the side of a person's face, (b)then span in an arcuate and/or undulating manner upward, and (c) thenspan in an arcuate and/or undulating manner upward and rearward to alocation above the ear on the side of the head.

FIG. 21 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity. Thisexample in FIG. 21 is like the example shown in FIG. 20, except that theexample in FIG. 21 further comprises a frontal-ear segment like the onefirst introduced in FIG. 19. This frontal-ear segment curves around (aportion of) the front of the person's outer ear. Other components(including the rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter, andpower source) can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 20. Thefrontal-ear segment can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 19. Further,relevant portions of the narrative accompanying other figures in thisdisclosure such as FIGS. 19 and 20 can be applied to this example. Theseportions are not repeated here in order to avoid narrative redundancy.

FIG. 21 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein this frontal-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear onthe first side of the person's head; (c) a side segment, wherein thisside segment is configured to span (on the first side of the person'shead) from the person's ear to the person's temple, side portion of theperson's face, and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (d) a topsegment, wherein this top segment is configured to span (on the firstside of the person's head) from the side segment to the top of theperson's head; (e) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which isheld in proximity to the person's head by the rear segment, thefrontal-ear segment, the side segment, and/or the top segment, whereinthe at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (f) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (g) a datatransmitter; and (h) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 21 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a frontal-ear segment,wherein this frontal-ear segment is configured to be worn on thefront-facing surface of the person's ear on the first side of theperson's head; (c) a side segment, wherein this side segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theperson's ear to the person's temple, side portion of the person's face,and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (d) a top segment, whereinthis top segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the side segment to the top of the person's head;(e) at least one EEG sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear segment, the frontal-ear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment; (f) a data processor which receives data fromthe at least one EEG sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h) a powersource which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor,and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 21 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2101 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); frontal-ear segment 2102 (worn on the front-facingsurface of the person's ear); side segment 2103 (spanning from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead); top segment2104 (spanning from the side segment to the top of the person's head);electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2105, 2106, and2107; data processor 2109; data transmitter 2108; and power source 2110.In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to the rightand left sides of the person's head. In an example, this device canfurther comprise a rear segment, a frontal-ear segment, a side segment,and a top segment in a symmetric configuration on the opposite side ofthe person's head (not shown in this figure). In an example, right andleft side top segments can connect at the top of the person's head.

The rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter, andpower source can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 20. Thefrontal-ear segment can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 19. Relevantportions of the narratives accompanying other figures in this disclosuresuch as FIGS. 19 and 20 can be applied here as well.

FIG. 22 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a side segment, wherein this side segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear tothe person's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or sideportion of the person's forehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this topsegment is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head)from the side segment and/or person's ear to the top of the person'shead; (d) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held inproximity to the person's head by the rear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energysensor collects data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) adata processor which receives data from the at least one electromagneticenergy sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a power source whichpowers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 22 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a side segment, whereinthis side segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the person's ear to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the side segmentand/or person's ear to the top of the person's head; (d) at least oneEEG sensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by the rearsegment, the side segment, and/or the top segment; (e) a data processorwhich receives data from the at least one EEG sensor; (f) a datatransmitter; and (g) a power source which powers the at least one EEGsensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 22 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2201 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); side segment 2202 (spanning from the person's ear to aside portion of the person's forehead); top segment 2203 (spanning fromthe ear and/or side segment to the top of the person's head);electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2204, 2205, and2206; data processor 2208; data transmitter 2207; and power source 2209.In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to the rightand left sides of the person's head. In an example, this device canfurther comprise a rear segment, a side segment, and a top segment in asymmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person's head (notshown in this figure). In an example, right and left side top segmentscan connect at the top of the person's head.

In an example, the rear segment, side segment, and top segment can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, these segments can gently pressagainst the person's head when worn. In an example, these segments canbe made from a metal or polymer. In an example, these segments can haveprongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person's hair to make thedevice less obvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. Inan example, these segments can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, these segments can bebetween one quarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, thesesegments can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

As shown in FIG. 22, this device can include a rear segment whichcurves, loops, and/or hooks behind a person's ear. In an example, a rearsegment can be configured to help hold the device on a person's head byengaging the rear surface of the outer ear. In an example, a rearsegment can be configured to be worn entirely within one inch of theperson's outer ear. In an example, a rear segment of this device cancurve, loop, or hook around (some or all of) the rear-facing surface ofthe person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear withthe rest of the head.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can curve, loop, or hookaround a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock(180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of theperson's ear clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock(0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rear segment of this device cancurve, loop, or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwisebetween the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, the rear segment of this device can be configured to helphold the device on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear(or the tissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of theperson's head). In an example, a rear segment of this device can rest onthe top of a person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outerear with the rest of the head and project in a rearward and downwardmanner within the directional quadrants relative to the ear canalclockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree)vectors. In an example, a rear segment of this device can rest on thetop of the person's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer earwith the rest of the head and project in a rearward and downward mannerwithin the directional quadrant relative to the ear canal clockwisebetween the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

As shown in FIG. 22, this device can include a side segment which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Aside segment of this device can be directly connected to a rear segmentof this device. In an example, side and rear segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the side and rear segments which connects them together.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a side segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a sidesegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a side segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, extend,and/or curve from the person's ear to the person's temple on the firstside of the person's head. In an example, the side segment can span,protrude, extend, and/or curve from the person's ear to a side portionof the person's face. In an example, the side segment can span,protrude, extend, and/or curve from the person's ear to a side portionof the person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can protrude, project,and/or extend forward from a person's ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 12o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.In the example shown in FIG. 22, the side segment projects forward froma person's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 3o'clock (90 degree) vector. In an example, the side segment can projectforward from the ear along a vector which is substantially parallel tothe 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In an example, the side segment canproject forward from the ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 1 o'clock (30degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors.

In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least two incheslong. In an example, a side segment of this device can be at least fourinches long. In an example, a side segment of this device can span,protrude, extend, and/or curve from the person's ear to a position whichis at least two inches from a person's ear toward the person's temple.In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, extend,and/or curve from the person's ear to a position which is at least twoinches toward the person's eye. In an example, a side segment of thisdevice can span, protrude, extend, and/or curve from the person's ear toa position at least two inches toward the center of person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can span, protrude, extend,and/or curve from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a side segment of this device canspan, protrude, extend, and/or curve from the person's ear to a positionwhich is between one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward theperson's eye on the first side of the head. In an example, a sidesegment of this device can span, protrude, extend, and/or curve from theperson's ear to a position which is between one quarter andthree-quarters of the way toward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment of this device can have a shape like ahockey stick and/or the letter “J”. In an example, a rear portion of aside segment can be substantially straight and a front portion of a sidesegment can have an arcuate upturn. In an example, a side segment canhave a frontal end which curves upward onto a side portion of a person'sforehead. In an example, the most-forward point of a side segment can belocated on a person's temple. In an example, the most-forward point of aside segment can be located on the side of a person's forehead.

In an example, this device can have a top segment which spans from aperson's ear and/or a side segment of this device to the top of theperson's head. As shown in FIG. 22, a top segment of this device canspan from the rear portion of a side segment to the top of the person'shead (all on the first side of the person's head). In an example, a topsegment of this device on the first side of the person's head canconnect with the top segment of this device on the second (opposite)side of the person's head. In an example, the top and side segments ofthis device can be part of the same continuous member and/or piece ofmaterial. In an example, this device can further comprise another memberwhich connects the top and side segments.

In an example, a top segment of this device can be arcuate, wavy, and/orundulating. In an example, a top segment can be an arc, wave, orundulation with a rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In anexample, a top segment of this device can have a shape selected from thegroup consisting of: arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval,half-sinusoidal curve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In anexample, a top segment can have a concavity whose opening facesrearward. In an example, a top segment can have a concavity whoseopening faces along a vector which is parallel to a vector which isclockwise between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree)vectors. In an example, a top segment can have a concavity with a peakwhich faces frontward.

In an example, the top segment of this device can span the top of aperson's head within four inches of the uppermost point on the person'shead (when the person is standing up with their head up). In an example,the top segment of this device can span the top of a person's headwithin four inches of the position on the person's head which is theshortest vertically-oriented arc connecting the person's right and leftears. In an example, the top segment can further comprise prongs, teeth,or combs which engage the person's hair in order to make the top segmentless obvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person'shead.

The at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, datatransmitter, and power source of this example can have the same featuresand variations as the corresponding components in the example shown inFIG. 18. Further, relevant portions of the narrative accompanying otherfigures in this disclosure such as FIG. 18 can be applied to thisexample. These portions are not repeated here in order to avoidnarrative redundancy.

FIG. 23 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity. Thisexample in FIG. 23 is like the example shown in FIG. 22, except that theexample in FIG. 23 further comprises a frontal-ear segment like the onefirst introduced in FIG. 19. This frontal-ear segment curves around (aportion of) the front of the person's outer ear. Other components(including the rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter, andpower source) can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 22. Thefrontal-ear segment can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 19. Further,relevant portions of the narratives accompanying other figures in thisdisclosure such as FIGS. 19 and 22 can be applied to this example. Theseportions are not repeated here in order to avoid narrative redundancy.

FIG. 23 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein this frontal-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear onthe first side of the person's head; (c) a side segment, wherein thisside segment is configured to span (on the first side of the person'shead) from the person's ear and/or the side segment to the person'stemple, side portion of the person's face, and/or side portion of theperson's forehead; (d) a top segment, wherein this top segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from therear segment or the side segment to the top of the person's head; (e) atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the rear segment, the frontal-ear segment, the sidesegment, and/or the top segment, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; (f) a data processor which receives data from the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h)a power source which powers the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 23 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a frontal-ear segment,wherein this frontal-ear segment is configured to be worn on thefront-facing surface of the person's ear on the first side of theperson's head; (c) a side segment, wherein this side segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theperson's ear and/or the side segment to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (d) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the rear segment orthe side segment to the top of the person's head; (e) at least one EEGsensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by the rearsegment, the frontal-ear segment, the side segment, and/or the topsegment; (f) a data processor which receives data from the at least oneEEG sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h) a power source which powersthe at least one EEG sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 23 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2301 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); frontal-ear segment 2302 (worn on the front-facingsurface of the person's ear); side segment 2303 (spanning from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead); top segment2304 (spanning from the rear or side segment to the top of the person'shead); electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2305, 2306,and 2307; data processor 2309; data transmitter 2308; and power source2310. In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to theright and left sides of the person's head. In an example, this devicecan further comprise a rear segment, a frontal-ear segment, a sidesegment, and a top segment in a symmetric configuration on the oppositeside of the person's head (not shown in this figure). In an example,right and left side top segments can connect at the top of the person'shead.

The rear segment, side segment, top segment, at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, data processor, data transmitter, andpower source can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 22. Thefrontal-ear segment can have the same features and variations as thecorresponding components in the example shown in FIG. 19. Relevantportions of the narratives accompanying other figures in this disclosuresuch as FIGS. 19 and 22 can be applied here as well.

FIG. 24 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity. Thisexample in FIG. 24 is like the example shown in FIG. 23, except that thetop segment in FIG. 24 is a simple arc (over the person's head) ratherthan an undulating curve. The rear segment, frontal-ear segment, sidesegment, at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, data processor,data transmitter, and power source can have the same features andvariations as the corresponding components discussed in other figures ofthis disclosure. Further, relevant portions of the narratives whichaccompany other figures of this disclosure can also be applied to thisexample. These portions are not repeated here in order to avoidnarrative redundancy.

FIG. 24 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein this frontal-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear onthe first side of the person's head; (c) a side segment, wherein thisside segment is configured to span (on the first side of the person'shead) from the person's ear and/or the side segment to the person'stemple, side portion of the person's face, and/or side portion of theperson's forehead; (d) a top segment, wherein this top segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from therear segment or the side segment to the top of the person's head; (e) atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the rear segment, the frontal-ear segment, the sidesegment, and/or the top segment, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; (f) a data processor which receives data from the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h)a power source which powers the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 24 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a frontal-ear segment,wherein this frontal-ear segment is configured to be worn on thefront-facing surface of the person's ear on the first side of theperson's head; (c) a side segment, wherein this side segment isconfigured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theperson's ear and/or the side segment to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (d) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the rear segment orside segment to the top of the person's head; (e) at least one EEGsensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by the rearsegment, the frontal-ear segment, the side segment, and/or the topsegment; (f) a data processor which receives data from the at least oneEEG sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h) a power source which powersthe at least one EEG sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 24 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2401 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); frontal-ear segment 2402 (worn on the front-facingsurface of the person's ear); side segment 2403 (spanning from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead); top segment2404 (spanning from the rear or side segment to the top of the person'shead); electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2405, 2406,and 2407; data processor 2409; data transmitter 2408; and power source2410. In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to theright and left sides of the person's head. In an example, this devicecan further comprise a rear segment, a frontal-ear segment, a sidesegment, and a top segment in a symmetric configuration on the oppositeside of the person's head (not shown in this figure). In an example,right and left side top segments can connect at the top of the person'shead.

Other components (including the rear segment, frontal-ear segment, sidesegment, at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, data processor,data transmitter, and power source) can have the same features andvariations as the corresponding components discussed in other figures ofthis disclosure. Also, relevant portions of the narratives whichaccompany other figures in this disclosure can also be applied to thisexample, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 25 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured to be wornon the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a side segment, wherein this side segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear tothe person's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or sideportion of the person's forehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this topsegment is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head)from the side segment to the top of the person's head; (d) at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear segment, the side segment, and/or the top segment,wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (f) adata transmitter; and (g) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 25 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a rear segment, whereinthis rear segment is configured to be worn on the rear-facing surface ofa person's ear on a first side of the person's head, wherein this firstside is the right side or the left side; (b) a side segment, whereinthis side segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the person's ear to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (c) a top segment, wherein this top segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the side segment tothe top of the person's head; (d) at least one EEG sensor which is heldin proximity to the person's head by the rear segment, the side segment,and/or the top segment; (e) a data processor which receives data fromthe at least one EEG sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a powersource which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor,and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 25 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: rear segment 2501 (worn on the rear-facing surface of aperson's ear); side segment 2502 (spanning from the person's ear to aside portion of the person's forehead); top segment 2503 (spanning fromthe side segment to the top of the person's head); electromagneticenergy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2504, 2505, and 2506; dataprocessor 2508; data transmitter 2507; and power source 2509. In anexample, this device can be symmetric with respect to the right and leftsides of the person's head. In an example, this device can furthercomprise a rear segment, a side segment, and a top segment in asymmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person's head (notshown in this figure). In an example, right and left side top segmentscan connect at the top of the person's head.

In an example, the rear segment, side segment, and top segment can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, these segments can gently pressagainst the person's head when worn. In an example, these segments canbe made from a metal or polymer. In an example, these segments can haveprongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person's hair to make thedevice less obvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. Inan example, these segments can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, these segments can bebetween one quarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, thesesegments can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

As shown in FIG. 25, this device can have a rear segment which curvesover the top of a person's ear and then extends toward the rear of theperson's head in a downward and rearward manner. In an example, a rearsegment can have an arcuate end which curves away from the person's ear.In an example, a rear segment can have a downward-facing concavity. Inan example, a rear segment of this device can curve around a portion ofthe person's ear which is clockwise between the 8 o'clock (240 degree)and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rear segment of thisdevice can curve around a portion of the person's ear which is clockwisebetween the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can rest on the top of aperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a rearward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise betweenthe 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In anexample, a rear segment of this device can rest on the top of theperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a rearward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a rear segment of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

As shown in FIG. 25, this device can include a side segment which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Aside segment of this device can be directly connected to a rear segmentof this device. In an example, side and rear segments can both be partof the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween the side and rear segments which connects them together.

In an example, a side segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop fromthe person's ear to the person's temple on the first side of theperson's head. In an example, the side segment can span, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person'sface. In an example, the side segment can span, protrude, curve, or loopfrom the person's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead. In anexample, a side segment can protrude, project, arc, and/or undulateforward from a person's ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 3 o'clock (90degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17. In theexample shown in FIG. 25, the side segment projects forward from aperson's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 5o'clock (150 degree) vector and then loops upward onto the side of theperson's face and/or forehead.

In an example, a side segment can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a side segment can be at least four inches long. In an example,a side segment can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loop from theperson's ear to a position which is at least two inches from a person'sear toward the person's temple. In an example, a side segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which is atleast two inches toward the person's eye. In an example, a side segmentcan span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loop from the person's earto a position at least two inches toward the center of person'sforehead.

In an example, a side segment can span, protrude, curve, undulate,and/or loop from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a side segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person'seye on the first side of the head. In an example, a side segment canspan, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loop from the person's ear to aposition which is between one quarter and three-quarters of the waytoward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, the side segment can be an arc, wave, or undulation witha rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, a sidesegment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of: arc,wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidal curve,bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a side segment canhave a concavity whose opening faces rearward. In an example, a sidesegment can have a concavity whose opening faces along a vector which isparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7 o'clock (210degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors. In an example, a sidesegment can have a concavity with a peak which faces frontward. In anexample, the most-forward point of a side segment can be located on aperson's temple. In an example, the most-forward point of a side segmentcan be located on the side of a person's forehead.

In an example, a side segment can have an upper portion which is locatedin the directional quadrant clockwise between the 11 o'clock (330degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, a side segmentcan have an upper portion which is clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, a side segmentcan span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) downward and forwardfrom a person's ear to a location on the side of a person's forehead,then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upward, and then span(in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upward and rearward to alocation above the ear on the side of the head.

In an example, a side segment can be configured to receive the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a side segment can further comprise anopening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame of apair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a side segment can further comprise a clip orother attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of apair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be worn incombination with eyeglasses. In an example, a side segment can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, this device can have a top segment which spans from theside segment to the top of the person's head. As shown in FIG. 25, a topsegment can span from the upper portion of the side segment to the topof the person's head (all on the first side of the person's head). In anexample, a top segment on the first side of the person's head canconnect with the top segment on the second (opposite) side of theperson's head. In an example, the top and side segments can be part ofthe same continuous member and/or piece of material. In an example, thisdevice can further comprise another member which connects the top andside segments.

In an example, the top segment of this device can span the top of aperson's head within four inches of the uppermost point on the person'shead (when the person is standing up with their head up). In an example,the top segment of this device can span the top of a person's headwithin four inches of the position on the person's head which is theshortest vertically-oriented arc connecting the person's right and leftears. In an example, the top segment can further comprise prongs, teeth,or combs which engage the person's hair in order to make the top segmentless obvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person'shead.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 26 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a posterior-ear segment, wherein this posterior-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on afirst side of the person's head, wherein this first side is the rightside or the left side; (b) a forehead loop, wherein this forehead loopis configured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theperson's ear to the person's temple, side portion of the person's face,and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (c) a rear loop, whereinthis rear loop is configured to span (on the first side of the person'shead) from the forehead loop to the rear of the person's head; (d) atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the posterior-ear segment, the forehead loop,and/or the rear loop, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energysensor collects data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) adata processor which receives data from the at least one electromagneticenergy sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a power source whichpowers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 26 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a posterior-earsegment, wherein this posterior-ear segment is configured to be worn onthe rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a forehead loop, wherein this forehead loop is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear tothe person's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or sideportion of the person's forehead; (c) a rear loop, wherein this rearloop is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head) fromthe forehead loop to the rear of the person's head; (d) at least one EEGsensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by theposterior-ear segment, the forehead loop, and/or the rear loop; (e) adata processor which receives data from the at least one EEG sensor; (f)a data transmitter; and (g) a power source which powers the at least oneEEG sensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 26 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: posterior-ear segment 2601 (worn on the rear-facing surfaceof a person's ear); forehead loop 2602 (spanning from the person's earto a side portion of the person's forehead); rear loop 2603 (spanningfrom the forehead loop to the rear of the person's head);electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2604, 2605, and2606; data processor 2608; data transmitter 2607; and power source 2609.In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect to the rightand left sides of the person's head. In an example, this device canfurther comprise a posterior-ear segment, a forehead loop, and a rearloop in a symmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person'shead (not shown in this figure). In an example, right and left side rearloops can connect at the rear of the person's head.

In an example, the posterior-ear segment, forehead loop, and rear loopcan be resiliently-flexible. In an example, these components can gentlypress against the person's head when worn. In an example, thesecomponents can be made from a metal or polymer. In an example, thesecomponents can have prongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person'shair to make the device less obvious and/or to better hold it onto theperson's head. In an example, these components can be porous and/or haveholes so as to be permeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, thesecomponents can be between one quarter inch and three inches in width. Inan example, these components can be part of a continuous member and/orpiece of material.

As shown in FIG. 26, this device can include a posterior-ear segmentwhich curves, loops, and/or hooks behind a person's ear. In an example,a posterior-ear segment can be configured to help hold the device on aperson's head by engaging the rear surface of the outer ear. In anexample, a posterior-ear segment can be configured to be worn entirelywithin one inch of the person's outer ear. In an example, aposterior-ear segment of this device can curve, loop, or hook around(some or all of) the rear-facing surface of the person's outer earand/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment of this device can be configuredto receive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a posterior-earsegment of this device can further comprise an opening which isconfigured to receive the side-piece of the frame of a pair ofeyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a posterior-ear segment of this device canfurther comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism to which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, aposterior-ear segment of this device can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment can curve, loop, or hook around aportion of the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree)and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a posterior-earsegment can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of the person's earclockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree)vectors. In an example, a posterior-ear segment can curve, loop, or hookaround a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 10 o'clock(300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment can be configured to help holdthe device on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or thetissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of the person'shead). In an example, a posterior-ear segment can rest on the top of aperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a rearward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise betweenthe 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In anexample, a posterior-ear segment can rest on the top of the person'souter ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest ofthe head and project in a rearward and downward manner within thedirectional quadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 9o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

As shown in FIG. 26, this device can include a forehead loop which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Aforehead loop of this device can be directly connected to aposterior-ear segment of this device. In an example, forehead loop andposterior-ear segment components can both be part of the same continuousmember and/or piece of material. In an alternative example, this devicecan further comprise another member between the forehead loop andposterior-ear segment components which connects them together.

In an example, a forehead loop of this device can be configured toreceive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a forehead loop ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, aforehead loop of this device can further comprise a clip or otherattachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair ofeyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be worn incombination with eyeglasses. In an example, a forehead loop of thisdevice can further comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (oragainst) which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses canbe placed so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses.

In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or loop fromthe person's ear to the person's temple on the first side of theperson's head. In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve,or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person's face. Inan example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or loop from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can protrude, project, arc, and/orundulate forward from a person's ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 3o'clock (90 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.In the example shown in FIG. 26, the forehead loop projects forward froma person's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 4o'clock (120 degree) vector and then loops upward onto the side of theperson's face and/or forehead. In an example, the forehead loop canproject forward from the ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to the 5 o'clock (150 degree) vector and then loop upward ontothe side of the person's face and/or forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a forehead loop can be at least four inches long. In anexample, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/orloop from the person's ear to a position which is at least two inchesfrom a person's ear toward the person's temple. In an example, aforehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's earto a position which is at least two inches toward the person's eye. Inan example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/orloop from the person's ear to a position at least two inches toward thecenter of person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate,and/or loop from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a forehead loop of this devicecan span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a positionwhich is between one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward theperson's eye on the first side of the head. In an example, a foreheadloop of this device can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or loopfrom the person's ear to a position which is between one quarter andthree-quarters of the way toward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop of this device can be arcuate, wavy,and/or undulating. In an example, the forehead loop can be an arc, wave,or undulation with a rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. Inan example, a forehead loop of this device can have a shape selectedfrom the group consisting of: arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle,semi-oval, half-sinusoidal curve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section.In an example, a forehead loop can have a concavity whose opening facesrearward. In an example, a forehead loop can have a concavity whoseopening faces along a vector which is parallel to a vector which isclockwise between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree)vectors. In an example, a forehead loop can have a concavity with a peakwhich faces frontward. In an example, the most-forward point of aforehead loop can be located on a person's temple. In an example, themost-forward point of a forehead loop can be located on the side of aperson's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop of this device can have a lower portionwhich is above the bottom of the outer ear by a first distance and anupper portion which is above the bottom of the outer ear by a seconddistance, wherein the second distance is greater than the firstdistance. In an example, the second distance can be at least one inchgreater than the first distance. In an example, the lower and upperportions of the forehead loop can be vertically aligned. In an example,a forehead loop can have a lower portion which rests on the outer earand an upper portion which is vertically above the outer ear.

In an example, a forehead loop of this device can have an upper portionwhich is located in the directional quadrant clockwise between the 11o'clock (330 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, aforehead loop of this device can have an upper portion which isclockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree)vectors. In an example, a forehead loop of this device can span (in anarcuate and/or undulating manner) downward and forward from a person'sear to a location on the side of a person's forehead, then span (in anarcuate and/or undulating manner) upward, and then span (in an arcuateand/or undulating manner) upward and rearward to a location above theear on the side of the head. In an example, a forehead loop can furthercomprise two portions (or sub-segments) which are substantially parallelto each other, one higher and one lower, and connected by a frontalloop.

In an example, this device can have a rear loop which spans from aforehead loop to the rear of the person's head. As shown in FIG. 26, arear loop of this device can span from the upper portion of a foreheadloop to the rear of the person's head. In an example, a rear loop ofthis device on the first side of the person's head can connect with therear loop of this device on the second (opposite) side of the person'shead. In an example, the rear and forehead loops of this device can bepart of the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In anexample, this device can further comprise another member which connectsthe rear and forehead loops.

In an example, the rear loop of this device can span the rear of aperson's head within two inches of a horizontal line rearward from thetop of the ear. In an example, the rear loop of this device can span therear of a person's head within four inches of a horizontal line rearwardfrom the top of the ear. In an example, the rear loop of this device canspan the rear of a person's head less than two inches above a horizontalline rearward from the top of the ear. In an example, the rear loop ofthis device can span the rear of a person's head less than four inchesabove a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In an example,the rear loop of this device can span the rear of a person's head lessthan two inches below a horizontal line rearward from the top of theear. In an example, the rear loop of this device can span the rear of aperson's head less than four inches below a horizontal line rearwardfrom the top of the ear. In an example, a rear loop can further compriseprongs, teeth, or combs which engage the person's hair in order to makethe rear loop less obvious or in order to better hold the device ontothe person's head.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 27 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a forehead loop, wherein this forehead loop is configured to span(on a first side of the person's head) from a person's ear to theperson's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or side portionof the person's forehead; (b) a lower-rear segment, wherein thislower-rear segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the forehead loop to the rear of the person's headat a first height; (c) an upper-rear segment, wherein this upper-rearsegment is configured to span (on the first side of the person's head)from the forehead loop to the rear of the person's head at a secondheight, wherein the second height is greater than the first height; (d)at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the forehead loop, the lower-rear segment, and/orthe upper-rear segment, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energysensor collects data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (e) adata processor which receives data from the at least one electromagneticenergy sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g) a power source whichpowers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 27 also shows another example of how this invention can be embodiedin an undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a forehead loop,wherein this forehead loop is configured to span (on a first side of theperson's head) from a person's ear to the person's temple, side portionof the person's face, and/or side portion of the person's forehead; (b)a lower-rear segment, wherein this lower-rear segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the forehead loop tothe rear of the person's head at a first height; (c) an upper-rearsegment, wherein this upper-rear segment is configured to span (on thefirst side of the person's head) from the forehead loop to the rear ofthe person's head at a second height, wherein the second height isgreater than the first height; (d) at least one EEG sensor which is heldin proximity to the person's head by the forehead loop, the lower-rearsegment, and/or the upper-rear segment, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; (e) a data processor which receives data from the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor; (f) a data transmitter; and (g)a power source which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 27 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising; forehead loop 2702 (spanning from the person's ear to a sideportion of the person's forehead); lower-rear segment 2701 (spanningfrom the forehead loop to the rear of the person's head); upper-rearsegment 2703 (spanning from the forehead loop to the rear of theperson's head, above the lower-rear segment); electromagnetic energysensors (such as EEG sensors) 2704, 2705, and 2706; data processor 2708;data transmitter 2707; and power source 2709. In an example, this devicecan be symmetric with respect to the right and left sides of theperson's head. In an example, this device can further comprise aforehead loop, a lower-rear segment, and an upper-rear segment in asymmetric configuration on the opposite side of the person's head (notshown in this figure). In an example, the right side and left side rearsegments can connect with each other at the rear of the person's head.

In an example, the forehead loop, lower-rear segment, and upper-rearsegment can be resiliently-flexible. In an example, these threecomponents can gently press against the person's head when worn. In anexample, these three components can be made from a metal or polymer. Inan example, these three components can have prongs, teeth, or combs toengage with the person's hair to make the device less obvious and/or tobetter hold it onto the person's head. In an example, these threecomponents can be porous and/or have holes so as to be permeable to gasand/or liquid. In an example, these three components can be between onequarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, these threecomponents can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

As shown in FIG. 27, this device can include a forehead loop which spansfrom a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. Inan example, a forehead loop can be directly connected to lower-rear andupper-rear segments. In an example, forehead loop and rear segmentcomponents can both be part of the same continuous member and/or pieceof material. In an alternative example, this device can further compriseanother member between the forehead loop and the lower-rear segmentand/or upper-read segment which connects them together.

In an example, a forehead loop can be configured to receive the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a forehead loop can further comprise anopening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame of apair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a forehead loop can further comprise a clipor other attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of apair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be worn incombination with eyeglasses. In an example, a forehead loop can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or segmentfrom the person's ear to the person's temple on the first side of theperson's head. In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve,or segment from the person's ear to a side portion of the person's face.In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or segmentfrom the person's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can protrude, project, arc, and/orundulate forward from a person's ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 12o'clock (0 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.In the example shown in FIG. 27, the forehead loop projects forward froma person's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the 4o'clock (120 degree) vector and then loops upward onto the side of theperson's face and/or forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a forehead loop can be at least four inches long. In anexample, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate, and/orsegment from the person's ear to a position which is at least two inchesfrom a person's ear toward the person's temple. In an example, aforehead loop can span, protrude, curve, or segment from the person'sear to a position which is at least two inches toward the person's eye.In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate,and/or segment from the person's ear to a position at least two inchestoward the center of person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can span, protrude, curve, undulate,and/or segment from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a forehead loop can span,protrude, curve, or segment from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person'seye on the first side of the head. In an example, a forehead loop canspan, protrude, curve, undulate, and/or segment from the person's ear toa position which is between one quarter and three-quarters of the waytoward the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, the forehead loop can be an arc, wave, or undulation witha rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, aforehead loop can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, half-sinusoidal curve,bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a forehead loop canhave a concavity whose opening faces rearward. In an example, a foreheadloop can have a concavity whose opening faces along a vector which isparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7 o'clock (210degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors. In an example, a foreheadloop can have a concavity with a peak which faces frontward. In anexample, the most-forward point of a forehead loop can be located on aperson's temple. In an example, the most-forward point of a foreheadloop can be located on the side of a person's forehead.

In an example, a forehead loop can have a lower portion which rests onthe outer ear. In an example, a forehead loop can have an upper portionwhich is located in the directional quadrant clockwise between the 11o'clock (330 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, aforehead loop can have an upper portion which is clockwise between the12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example,a forehead loop can span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner)downward and forward from a person's ear to a location on the side of aperson's forehead, then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner)upward, and then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upwardand upper-rearward to a location above the ear on the side of the head.

As shown in FIG. 27, this device can include a lower-rear segment and anupper-rear segment. In an example, both the lower-rear and upper-rearsegments can connect to the forehead loop and then span rearward to therear of the person's head where they connect to (symmetric) rearsegments from the other side of the person's head. In an example, alower-rear segment and/or upper-rear segment can be directly attached toa forehead loop. In an example, a lower-rear segment and/or upper-rearsegment can be part of the same continuous member or piece of materialas a forehead loop. In an example, this device can further compriseanother member which connects the lower-rear segment and/or upper-rearsegment to the forehead loop.

In an example, lower-rear and upper-rear segments can be arcs, loops, orsemi-circles which partially encircle the person's head. In an example,at least a portion of the lower-rear segment and at least a portion ofthe upper-rear segment can be substantially parallel to each other. Inan example, lower-rear and upper-rear segments can be arcs, loops, orsemi-circles which partially encircle the person's head in a lateralmanner. In an example, the lower-rear segment and/or upper-rear segmentcan be substantially horizontal. In an example, a portion of thelower-rear segment can rest on top of the person's outer ear (and/or thetissue connecting the outer ear to the rest of the person's head).

In an example, a lower-rear or upper-rear segment of this device can beconfigured to receive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, alower-rear or upper-rear segment of this device can further comprise anopening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame of apair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a lower-rear or upper-rear segment of thisdevice can further comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism towhich the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can beattached so that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.In an example, a lower-rear or upper-rear segment of this device canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placedso that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 28 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a posterior-ear segment, wherein this posterior-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the rear-facing surface of a person's ear on afirst side of the person's head, wherein this first side is the rightside or the left side; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein thisfrontal-ear segment is configured to be worn on the front-facing surfaceof the person's ear on the first side of the person's head; (c) aforehead segment, wherein this forehead segment is configured to span(on the first side of the person's head) from the person's ear to theperson's temple, side portion of the person's face, and/or side portionof the person's forehead; (d) a rear segment, wherein this rear segmentis configured to span (on the first side of the person's head) from theposterior-ear segment or the forehead segment to the rear of theperson's head; (e) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which isheld in proximity to the person's head by the posterior-ear segment, theforehead segment, and/or the rear segment, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; (f) a data processor which receives data from the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h)a power source which powers the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 28 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a posterior-earsegment, wherein this posterior-ear segment is configured to be worn onthe rear-facing surface of a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head, wherein this first side is the right side or the leftside; (b) a frontal-ear segment, wherein this frontal-ear segment isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear onthe first side of the person's head; (c) a forehead segment, whereinthis forehead segment is configured to span (on the first side of theperson's head) from the person's ear to the person's temple, sideportion of the person's face, and/or side portion of the person'sforehead; (d) a rear segment, wherein this rear segment is configured tospan (on the first side of the person's head) from the posterior-earsegment or the forehead segment to the rear of the person's head; (e) atleast one EEG sensor which is held in proximity to the person's head bythe posterior-ear segment, the forehead segment, and/or the rearsegment; (f) a data processor which receives data from the at least oneEEG sensor; (g) a data transmitter; and (h) a power source which powersthe at least one EEG sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 28 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: posterior-ear segment 2801 (worn on the rear-facing surfaceof a person's ear); frontal-ear segment 2802 (worn on the front-facingsurface of the person's ear); forehead segment 2803 (spanning from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead); rear segment2804 (spanning from the posterior-ear segment or the forehead segment tothe rear of the person's head); electromagnetic energy sensors (such asEEG sensors) 2805, 2806, and 2807; data processor 2809; data transmitter2808; and power source 2810. In an example, this device can be symmetricwith respect to the right and left sides of the person's head. In anexample, this device can further comprise segments in a symmetricconfiguration on the opposite side of the person's head (not shown inthis figure). In an example, right and left side rear segments canconnect at the rear of the person's head.

In an example, the posterior-ear segment, frontal-ear segment, foreheadsegment, and rear segment can be resiliently-flexible. In an example,these segments can gently press against the person's head when worn. Inan example, these segments can be made from a metal or polymer. In anexample, these segments can have prongs, teeth, or combs to engage withthe person's hair to make the device less obvious and/or to better holdit onto the person's head. In an example, these segments can be porousand/or have holes so as to be permeable to gas and/or liquid. In anexample, these segments can be between one quarter inch and three inchesin width. In an example, these segments can be part of a continuousmember and/or piece of material.

As shown in FIG. 28, this device can include a posterior-ear segmentwhich curves, loops, and/or hooks behind a person's ear. In an example,a posterior-ear segment can be configured to help hold the device on aperson's head by engaging the rear surface of the outer ear. In anexample, a posterior-ear segment can be configured to be worn entirelywithin one inch of the person's outer ear. In an example, aposterior-ear segment of this device can curve, loop, or hook around(some or all of) the rear-facing surface of the person's outer earand/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment of this device can be configuredto receive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a posterior-earsegment of this device can further comprise an opening which isconfigured to receive the side-piece of the frame of a pair ofeyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a posterior-ear segment of this device canfurther comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism to which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, aposterior-ear segment of this device can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment can curve, loop, or hook around aportion of the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree)and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a posterior-earsegment can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of the person's earclockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree)vectors. In an example, a posterior-ear segment can curve, loop, or hookaround a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 10 o'clock(300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a posterior-ear segment can be configured to help holdthe device on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or thetissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of the person'shead). In an example, a posterior-ear segment can rest on the top of aperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a rearward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise betweenthe 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In anexample, a posterior-ear segment can rest on the top of the person'souter ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest ofthe head and project in a rearward and downward manner within thedirectional quadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 9o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

The example shown in FIG. 28 includes a frontal-ear segment that isconfigured to be worn on the front-facing surface of the person's ear.In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be directly connected to a rearsegment and/or forehead segment. In an example, these segments can allbe part of the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberwhich connects these segments together.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can have a shape which is selectedfrom the group consisting of: portion of a circle; portion of a spiral;portion of a parabolic curve; portion of a sinusoidal curve; and conicsection. In an example, a frontal-ear segment can gently press againstor otherwise engage the outer surface of a person's ear in order to helphold the device on the person's head. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can gently protrude into a portion of the person's ear canal inorder in order to help hold the device on the person's head. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can further comprise a speaker. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can hold a speaker close to the ear canalopening for discreet audio communication. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can be resiliently-flexible. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can be made from a metal or polymer. In an example, afrontal-ear segment can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, a frontal-ear segment canhave a width between one-eighth inch and one inch.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude,undulate, and/or hook around the front of a person's ear. In an example,a frontal-ear segment can be configured to help hold the device on aperson's head by engaging the frontal surface of the outer ear. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to be worn entirelywithin two inches of the person's outer ear. In an example, afrontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hookaround (some or all of) the front-facing surface of the person's outerear. In an example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude,undulate, and/or hook around (some or all of) the frontal portion oftissue which connects the outer ear with the rest of the head. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to curve, loop,protrude, undulate, and/or hook around a side portion of the person'sface which is within one inch of the person's ear.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to receive theframe of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn incombination with eyeglasses. In an example, a frontal-ear segment canfurther comprise an opening which is configured to receive theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a frontal-earsegment can further comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism towhich the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can beattached so that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.In an example, a frontal-ear segment can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude,undulate, and/or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwisebetween the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. Inan example, a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate,and/or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example,a frontal-ear segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hookaround a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors.

In an example, a frontal-ear segment can be configured to help hold thedevice on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or thetissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of the person'shead). In an example, a frontal-ear segment can rest on the top of aperson's outer ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with therest of the head and project in a frontward and downward manner withinthe directional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise betweenthe 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. In anexample, a frontal-ear segment can rest on the top of the person's outerear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the headand project in a frontward and downward manner within the directionalquadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors.

As shown in FIG. 28, this device can include a forehead segment whichspans from a person's ear to a side portion of their face and/orforehead. A forehead segment can be directly connected to aposterior-ear and/or frontal-ear segment. In an example, foreheadsegment and posterior-ear and/or frontal-ear segments can all be part ofthe same continuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternativeexample, this device can further comprise another member between theforehead segment and posterior-ear and/or frontal-ear segments whichconnects them together.

In an example, a forehead segment can be configured to receive the frameof a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combinationwith eyeglasses. In an example, a forehead segment can further comprisean opening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a forehead segment can further comprise aclip or other attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frameof a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be wornin combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a forehead segment canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placedso that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a forehead segment can be shaped like a hockey stickand/or the letter “J”. In an example, a forehead segment can span,protrude, extend, or curve from the person's ear to the person's templeon the first side of the person's head. In an example, a foreheadsegment can span, protrude, extend, or curve from the person's ear to aside portion of the person's face. In an example, a forehead segment canspan, protrude, extend, or curve from a person's ear to a side portionof the person's forehead. In an example, a forehead segment can span,protrude, extend, or curve forward from a person's ear along a vectorwhich is substantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise betweenthe 1 o'clock (30 degree) and 4 o'clock (120 degree) vectors shown inFIG. 17. In the example shown in FIG. 28, the forehead segment projectsforward from a person's ear along vector which is substantially parallelto the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector and then curves upward onto the sideof the person's face and/or forehead.

In an example, a forehead segment can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a forehead segment can be at least four inches long. In anexample, a forehead segment can span, protrude, extend, or curve fromthe person's ear to a position which is at least two inches from aperson's ear toward the person's temple. In an example, a foreheadsegment can span, protrude, extend, or curve from the person's ear to aposition which is at least two inches toward the person's eye. In anexample, a forehead segment can span, protrude, extend, or curve fromthe person's ear to a position at least two inches toward the center ofperson's forehead.

In an example, a forehead segment can span, protrude, extend, or curvefrom the person's ear to a position which is between one quarter andthree-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on the first sideof the head. In an example, a forehead segment can span, protrude,extend, or curve from the person's ear to a position which is betweenone quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's eye on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a forehead segment can span,protrude, extend, or curve from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the center ofthe person's forehead.

In an example, this device can have a rear segment which spans from aposterior-ear or forehead segment to the rear of the person's head. Inan example, a rear segment on the first side of the person's head canconnect with the rear segment on the second (opposite) side of theperson's head. In an example, these segments can all be part of the samecontinuous member and/or piece of material. In an example, this devicecan further comprise other members which connect these segmentstogether.

In an example, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head withintwo inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In anexample, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head within fourinches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In anexample, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head less than twoinches above a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In anexample, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head less thanfour inches above a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. Inan example, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head less thantwo inches below a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. Inan example, a rear segment can span a rear of a person's head less thanfour inches below a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. Inan example, a rear segment can further comprise prongs, teeth, or combswhich engage the person's hair in order to make a rear segment lessobvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person's head.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 29 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a vertical segment, wherein the vertical segment is configured tospan from a person's ear to the top of the person's head, wherein thevertical segment is arcuate with a concave portion which opens towardthe rear of the person's head; (b) a lateral segment, wherein thelateral segment is configured to span from the person's forehead to therear of the person's head, and wherein the lateral segment intersectsthe vertical segment at the concave portion of the vertical segment; (c)at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the vertical segment and/or the lateral segment,wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; (d) a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (e) adata transmitter; and (f) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 29 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a vertical segment,wherein the vertical segment is configured to span from a person's earto the top of the person's head, wherein the vertical segment is arcuatewith a concave portion which opens toward the rear of the person's head;(b) a lateral segment, wherein the lateral segment is configured to spanfrom the person's forehead to the rear of the person's head, and whereinthe lateral segment intersects the vertical segment at the concaveportion of the vertical segment; (c) at least one EEG sensor which isheld in proximity to the person's head by the vertical segment and/orthe lateral segment, wherein the at least one EEG sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; (d) a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one EEG sensor; (e) a data transmitter;and (f) a power source which powers the at least one EEG sensor, thedata processor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 29 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: an arcuate vertical segment (further comprising sub-segments2901, 2902, and 2903) which spans from a person's ear to the top of theperson's head; a lateral segment (further comprising sub-segments 2904and 2905) which spans from the person's forehead to the rear of theperson's head and intersects a concave portion of the arcuate verticalsegment; electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 2906,2907, 2908, 2909, and 2910; data processor 2912; data transmitter 2911;and power source 2913. In an example, this device can be symmetric withrespect to the right and left sides of the person's head. In an example,this device can further comprise segments in a symmetric configurationon the opposite side of the person's head (not shown in this figure). Inan example, right and left side top segments can connect at the top ofthe person's head.

In an example, vertical and lateral segments can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, these segments can gently pressagainst the person's head when worn. In an example, these segments canbe made from a metal or polymer. In an example, these segments can haveprongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person's hair to make thedevice less obvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. Inan example, these segments can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, these segments can bebetween one quarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, thesesegments can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

In an example, a bottom portion of a vertical segment can curve, loop,and/or hook behind a person's ear. In an example, a bottom portion of avertical segment can be configured to help hold the device on a person'shead by engaging the rear surface of the outer ear. In an example, abottom portion of a vertical segment can be configured to be wornentirely within one inch of the person's outer ear. In an example, abottom portion of a vertical segment can curve, loop, or hook around(some or all of) the rear-facing surface of the person's outer earand/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head.

In an example, a vertical segment and/or lateral segment can beconfigured to receive the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, avertical segment and/or lateral segment can further comprise an openingwhich is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame of a pair ofeyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a vertical segment and/or lateral segment canfurther comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism to which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, avertical segment and/or lateral segment can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a bottom portion of a vertical segment can curve, loop,or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 6o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, abottom portion of a vertical segment can curve, loop, or hook around aportion of the person's ear clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree)and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a bottom portion of avertical segment can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of theperson's ear clockwise between the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, the bottom portion of a vertical segment can beconfigured to help hold the device on a person's head by resting on topof the outer ear (or the tissue connection between the outer ear and therest of the person's head). In an example, a bottom portion of avertical segment can rest on the top of a person's outer ear and/or thetissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head and project ina rearward and downward manner within the directional quadrants relativeto the ear canal clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a bottom portion of avertical segment can rest on the top of the person's outer ear and/orthe tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head andproject in a rearward and downward manner within the directionalquadrant relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segment can span from aperson's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. In anexample, a concave portion of a vertical segment can be connected to alateral segment where the two segments intersect. In an example,vertical and lateral segments can both be part of the same continuousmember and/or piece of material. In an alternative example, this devicecan further comprise another member between the vertical and lateralsegments which connects them together.

In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from a person's ear to the person's temple onthe first side of the person's head. In an example, the concave portionof a vertical segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from theperson's ear to a side portion of the person's face. In an example, theconcave portion of a vertical segment can span, protrude, curve, or loopfrom the person's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead.

In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segment can protrudeand/or project forward from a person's ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 12o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.In the example shown in FIG. 29, the concave portion of a verticalsegment projects forward from a person's ear along vector which issubstantially parallel to the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In anexample, the concave portion of a vertical segment can project forwardfrom the ear along a vector which is substantially parallel to the 1o'clock (30 degree) vector. In an example, the concave portion of avertical segment can project forward from the ear along a vector whichis substantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 1o'clock (30 degree) and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors.

In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segment can be at leasttwo inches long. In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segmentcan be at least four inches long. In an example, a concave portion of avertical segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from a person's earto a position which is at least two inches from a person's ear towardthe person's temple. In an example, a concave portion of a verticalsegment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to aposition which is at least two inches toward the person's eye. In anexample, a concave portion of a vertical segment can span, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position at least two inchestoward the center of person's forehead.

In an example, a concave portion of a vertical segment can span,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person'stemple on the first side of the head. In an example, a concave portionof a vertical segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from a person'sear to a position which is between one quarter and three-quarters of theway toward the person's eye on the first side of the head. In anexample, a concave portion of a vertical segment can span, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the center of the person'sforehead.

In an example, a vertical segment can be arcuate, wavy, undulating,and/or sinusoidal. In an example, the concave portion of a verticalsegment can be an arc, wave, or undulation with a rear-facing concavityand a forward-facing peak. In an example, a concave portion of avertical segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a concaveportion of a vertical segment can have a concavity whose opening facesalong a vector which is parallel to a vector which is clockwise betweenthe 7 o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors. In anexample, a concave portion of a vertical segment can have a concavitywith a peak which faces frontward. In an example, the most-forward pointof a concave portion of a vertical segment can be located on a person'stemple. In an example, the most-forward point of a concave portion of avertical segment can be located on the side of a person's forehead.

In an example, a lateral segment can span from a person's forehead tothe rear of the person's head. In an example, the rear portion of alateral segment on the first side of the person's head can connect withthe rear portion of a lateral segment on the second (opposite) side ofthe person's head at the rear of the person's head. In an example, thefront portion of a lateral segment on the first side of the person'shead does not connect with the front portion of a lateral segment on thesecond (opposite) side of the person's head on the person's forehead.

In an example, a lateral segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin two inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear.In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin four inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of theear. In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of a person'shead less than two inches above a horizontal line rearward from the topof the ear. In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of aperson's head less than four inches above a horizontal line rearwardfrom the top of the ear. In an example, the lateral segment can span therear of a person's head less than two inches below a horizontal linerearward from the top of the ear. In an example, the lateral segment canspan the rear of a person's head less than four inches below ahorizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In an example, alateral segment can further comprise prongs, teeth, or combs whichengage the person's hair in order to make the lateral segment lessobvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person's head.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 30 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) a lateral segment, wherein the lateral segment is configured to spanfrom the person's forehead to the rear of the person's head; (b) avertical segment, wherein the vertical segment is configured to spanfrom the lateral segment to the top of the person's head, wherein thevertical segment is arcuate with a concave portion which opens towardthe front of the person's head; (c) at least one electromagnetic energysensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by the lateraland/or vertical segment, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energysensor collects data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (d) adata processor which receives data from the at least one electromagneticenergy sensor; (e) a data transmitter; and (f) a power source whichpowers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 30 also shows an example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) a lateral segment,wherein the lateral segment is configured to span from the person'sforehead to the rear of the person's head; (b) a vertical segment,wherein the vertical segment is configured to span from the lateralsegment to the top of the person's head, wherein the vertical segment isarcuate with a concave portion which opens toward the front of theperson's head; (c) at least one EEG sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the lateral and/or vertical segment, wherein the atleast one EEG sensor collects data concerning electromagnetic brainactivity; (d) a data processor which receives data from the at least oneEEG sensor; (e) a data transmitter; and (f) a power source which powersthe at least one EEG sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 30 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: a lateral segment (further comprising sub-segments 3003 and3001) which spans from the person's forehead to the rear of the person'shead; a vertical segment 3002 which spans from the lateral segment tothe top of the person's head; electromagnetic energy sensors (such asEEG sensors) 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, and 3008; data processor 3010; datatransmitter 3009; and power source 3011. In an example, this device canbe symmetric with respect to the right and left sides of the person'shead. In an example, this device can further comprise a rear segment, aside segment, and a top segment in a symmetric configuration on theopposite side of the person's head (not shown in this figure). In anexample, right and left side top segments can connect at the top of theperson's head.

In an example, lateral and vertical segments can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, these segments can gently pressagainst the person's head when worn. In an example, these segments canbe made from a metal or polymer. In an example, these segments can haveprongs, teeth, or combs to engage with the person's hair to make thedevice less obvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. Inan example, these segments can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, these segments can bebetween one quarter inch and three inches in width. In an example, thesesegments can be part of a continuous member and/or piece of material.

In an example, a vertical segment can be arcuate, wavy, undulating,and/or sinusoidal. In an example, the concave portion of a verticalsegment can be an arc, wave, or undulation with a rear-facing concavityand a forward-facing peak. In an example, a concave portion of avertical segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section.

In an example, a lateral segment can span from a person's forehead tothe rear of the person's head. In an example, the rear portion of alateral segment on the first side of the person's head can connect withthe rear portion of a lateral segment on the second (opposite) side ofthe person's head at the rear of the person's head. In an example, thefront portion of a lateral segment on the first side of the person'shead does not connect with the front portion of a lateral segment on thesecond (opposite) side of the person's head on the person's forehead.

In an example, a lateral segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin two inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear.In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin four inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of theear. In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of a person'shead less than two inches above a horizontal line rearward from the topof the ear. In an example, the lateral segment can span the rear of aperson's head less than four inches above a horizontal line rearwardfrom the top of the ear. In an example, the lateral segment can span therear of a person's head less than two inches below a horizontal linerearward from the top of the ear. In an example, the lateral segment canspan the rear of a person's head less than four inches below ahorizontal line rearward from the top of the ear. In an example, alateral segment can further comprise prongs, teeth, or combs whichengage the person's hair in order to make the lateral segment lessobvious or in order to better hold the device onto the person's head.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 31 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) an undulating band which is configured to span from a person's earon a first side of the person's head to the person's ear on the secondside of the person's head, wherein the portion of this undulating bandon the first side of the person's head further comprises: a firstsegment which is configured to curve around the rear-facing portion ofan ear, a second segment with a concavity which is configured to opentoward the rear of the person's head, a third segment with a concavitywhich is configured to open toward the front of the person's head, and afourth segment which is configured to span across the person's forehead;(b) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held inproximity to the person's head by the undulating band, wherein the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (c) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (d) a datatransmitter; and (e) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 31 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) an undulating bandwhich is configured to span from a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head to the person's ear on the second side of the person'shead, wherein the portion of this undulating band on the first side ofthe person's head further comprises: a first segment which is configuredto curve around the rear-facing portion of an ear, a second segment witha concavity which is configured to open toward the rear of the person'shead, a third segment with a concavity which is configured to opentoward the front of the person's head, and a fourth segment which isconfigured to span across the person's forehead; (b) at least one EEGsensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by the undulatingband, wherein the at least one EEG sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (c) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one EEG sensor; (d) a data transmitter; and (e) apower source which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 31 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: an undulating band which is configured to span from aperson's ear on a first side of the person's head to the person's ear onthe second side of the person's head, wherein the portion of thisundulating band on the first side of the person's head further comprisesfirst segment 3101 which is configured to curve around the rear-facingportion of an ear, second segment 3102 with a concavity which isconfigured to open toward the rear of the person's head, third segment3103 with a concavity which is configured to open toward the front ofthe person's head, and fourth segment 3104 which is configured to spanacross the person's forehead; electromagnetic energy sensors (such asEEG sensors) 3105, 3106, 3107, and 3108; data processor 3110; datatransmitter 3109; and power source 3111. In an example, this device canbe symmetric with respect to the right and left sides of the person'shead.

In an example, this undulating band can be resiliently-flexible. In anexample, this undulating band can gently press against the person's headwhen worn. In an example, this undulating band can be made from a metalor polymer. In an example, this undulating band can have prongs, teeth,or combs to engage with the person's hair to make the device lessobvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. In an example,this undulating band can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, this undulating band canbe between one quarter inch and three inches in width.

In an example, an undulating band can be configured to receive the frameof a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combinationwith eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprisean opening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprise aclip or other attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frameof a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be wornin combination with eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placedso that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a first segment can curve, loop, and/or hook behind aperson's ear. In an example, a first segment can be configured to helphold the device on a person's head by engaging the rear surface of theouter ear. In an example, a first segment can be configured to be wornentirely within one inch of the person's outer ear. In an example, afirst segment can curve, loop, or hook around (some or all of) therear-facing surface of the person's outer ear and/or the tissueconnecting the outer ear with the rest of the head.

In an example, a first segment can curve, loop, or hook around a portionof the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a first segment can curve,loop, or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example,a first segment can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of theperson's ear clockwise between the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a first segment can be configured to help hold the deviceon a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or the tissueconnection between the outer ear and the rest of the person's head). Inan example, a first segment can rest on the top of a person's outer earand/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head andproject in a rearward and downward manner within the directionalquadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a firstsegment can rest on the top of the person's outer ear and/or the tissueconnecting the outer ear with the rest of the head and project in arearward and downward manner within the directional quadrant relative tothe ear canal clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a second segment can be directly connected to a firstsegment. In an example, first and second segments can both be part ofthe same continuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternativeexample, this device can further comprise another member between thefirst and second segments which connects them together. In an example, asecond segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from a person's ear tothe person's temple on the first side of the person's head. In anexample, the second segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from aperson's ear to a side portion of the person's face. In an example, thesecond segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from a person's ear toa side portion of the person's forehead.

In the example shown in FIG. 31, the second segment projects forwardfrom a person's ear along vector which is substantially parallel to the4 o'clock (120 degree) vector. In an example, a second segment canprotrude and/or project forward from a person's ear along a vector whichis substantially parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 1o'clock (30 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.

In an example, a second segment can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a second segment can be at least four inches long. In anexample, a second segment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from theperson's ear to a position which is at least two inches from a person'sear toward the person's temple. In an example, a second segment canspan, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position whichis at least two inches toward the person's eye. In an example, a secondsegment can span, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to aposition at least two inches toward the center of person's forehead.

In an example, a second segment can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, the second segment can be an arc, wave, or undulationwith a rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, asecond segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a secondsegment can have a concavity whose opening faces rearward. In anexample, a second segment can have a concavity whose opening faces alonga vector which is parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7o'clock (210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors. In an example,a second segment can have a concavity with a peak which faces frontward.In an example, the most-forward point of a second segment can be locatedon a person's temple.

In an example, a third segment can be directly connected to a secondsegment. In an example, second and third segments can both be part ofthe same continuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternativeexample, this device can further comprise another member between thesecond and third segments which connects them together. In an example, athird segment can be at least two inches long. In an example, a thirdsegment can be at least four inches long.

In an example, a third segment can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, the third segment can be an arc, wave, or undulation witha rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, athird segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a thirdsegment can have a concavity whose opening faces forward. In an example,a third segment can have a concavity whose opening faces along a vectorwhich is parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 1 o'clock(30 degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors. In an example, a thirdsegment can have a concavity with a peak which faces rearward.

In an example, second and third segments can together comprise asinusoidal wave pattern. In an example, second and third segments cantogether comprise an “S” shape. In an example, second and third segmentscan have the same size curves or waves. In an example, the third segmentcan have a larger size curve or wave than the second segment. In anexample, second and third segments can have a combined longitudinal axiswith an orientation that is parallel to a vector which is clockwisebetween the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectorsshown in FIG. 17.

In an example, a fourth segment can be directly connected to a thirdsegment. In an example, third and fourth segments can both be part ofthe same continuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternativeexample, this device can further comprise another member between thethird and fourth segments which connects them together. In an example, afourth segment can be at least four inches long. In an example, a fourthsegment can laterally span (a portion of) a person's forehead. In anexample, a fourth segment on the right side of a person's head canconnect to a fourth segment on the left side of the person's head.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 32 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) an undulating band which is configured to span from a person's earon a first side of the person's head to the person's ear on the secondside of the person's head, wherein the portion of this undulating bandon the first side of the person's head further comprises: a firstsegment which is configured to curve around the rear-facing portion ofan ear, a second segment with is configured to curve around thefront-facing portion of an ear, a third segment which is configured toextend upward from the ear along the side of the person's head, and afourth segment which is configured to span across the person's forehead;(b) at least one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held inproximity to the person's head by the undulating band, wherein the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (c) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; (d) a datatransmitter; and (e) a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

FIG. 32 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) an undulating bandwhich is configured to span from a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head to the person's ear on the second side of the person'shead, wherein the portion of this undulating band on the first side ofthe person's head further comprises: a first segment which is configuredto curve around the rear-facing portion of an ear, a second segment withis configured to curve around the front-facing portion of an ear, athird segment which is configured to extend upward from the ear alongthe side of the person's head, and a fourth segment which is configuredto span across the person's forehead; (b) at least one EEG sensor whichis held in proximity to the person's head by the undulating band,wherein the at least one EEG sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; (c) a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one EEG sensor; (d) a data transmitter; and (e) apower source which powers the at least one EEG sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 32 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: an undulating band which is configured to span from aperson's ear on a first side of the person's head to the person's ear onthe second side of the person's head, wherein the portion of thisundulating band on the first side of the person's head further comprisesfirst segment 3201 which is configured to curve around the rear-facingportion of an ear, second segment 3202 with is configured to curvearound the front-facing portion of an ear, third segment 3203 which isconfigured to extend upward from the ear along the side of the person'shead, fourth segment 3204 which is configured to span across theperson's forehead; electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors)3205, 3206, and 3207; data processor 3209 data transmitter 3208; andpower source 3210. In an example, this device can be symmetric withrespect to the right and left sides of the person's head.

In an example, this undulating band can be resiliently-flexible. In anexample, this undulating band can gently press against the person's headwhen worn. In an example, this undulating band can be made from a metalor polymer. In an example, this undulating band can have prongs, teeth,or combs to engage with the person's hair to make the device lessobvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. In an example,this undulating band can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, this undulating band canbe between one quarter inch and three inches in width.

In an example, an undulating band can be configured to receive the frameof a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combinationwith eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprisean opening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprise aclip or other attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frameof a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be wornin combination with eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placedso that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a first segment can curve, loop, and/or hook behind aperson's ear. In an example, a first segment can be configured to helphold the device on a person's head by engaging the rear surface of theouter ear. In an example, a first segment can be configured to be wornentirely within one inch of the person's outer ear. In an example, afirst segment can curve, loop, or hook around (some or all of) therear-facing surface of the person's outer ear and/or the tissueconnecting the outer ear with the rest of the head.

In an example, a first segment can curve, loop, or hook around a portionof the person's ear clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a first segment can curve,loop, or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example,a first segment can curve, loop, or hook around a portion of theperson's ear clockwise between the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In an example, a first segment can be configured to help hold the deviceon a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or the tissueconnection between the outer ear and the rest of the person's head). Inan example, a first segment can rest on the top of a person's outer earand/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head andproject in a rearward and downward manner within the directionalquadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 6 o'clock (180degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a firstsegment can rest on the top of the person's outer ear and/or the tissueconnecting the outer ear with the rest of the head and project in arearward and downward manner within the directional quadrant relative tothe ear canal clockwise between the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 12o'clock (0 degree) vectors.

In this example, this device can further comprise a second segment thatis configured to be worn on the front-facing surface of a person's ear.In an example, a second segment can be directly connected to a firstsegment and/or a third segment. In an example, these segments can all bepart of the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween these segments which connects them together.

In an example, a second segment can have a shape which is selected fromthe group consisting of: portion of a circle; portion of a spiral;portion of a parabolic curve; portion of a sinusoidal curve; and conicsection. In an example, a second segment can gently press against orotherwise engage the outer surface of a person's ear in order to helphold the device on the person's head. In an example, a second segmentcan gently protrude into a portion of the person's ear canal in order inorder to help hold the device on the person's head. In an example, asecond segment can further comprise a speaker. In an example, a secondsegment can hold a speaker close to the ear canal opening for discreetaudio communication. In an example, a second segment can beresiliently-flexible. In an example, a second segment can be made from ametal or polymer. In an example, a second segment can be porous and/orhave holes so as to be permeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, asecond segment can have a width between one-eighth inch and one inch.

In an example, a second segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate,and/or hook around the front of a person's ear. In an example, a secondsegment can be configured to help hold the device on a person's head byengaging the frontal surface of the outer ear. In an example, a secondsegment can be configured to be worn entirely within two inches of theperson's outer ear. In an example, a second segment can curve, loop,protrude, undulate, and/or hook around (some or all of) the front-facingsurface of the person's outer ear. In an example, a second segment cancurve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around (some or all of) thefrontal portion of tissue which connects the outer ear with the rest ofthe head. In an example, a second segment can be configured to curve,loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around a side portion of theperson's face which is within one inch of the person's ear.

In an example, a second segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate,and/or hook around a portion of the person's ear clockwise between the12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. In an example,a second segment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook arounda portion of the person's ear clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, a secondsegment can curve, loop, protrude, undulate, and/or hook around aportion of the person's ear clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree)and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors.

In an example, a second segment can be configured to help hold thedevice on a person's head by resting on top of the outer ear (or thetissue connection between the outer ear and the rest of the person'shead). In an example, a second segment can rest on the top of a person'souter ear and/or the tissue connecting the outer ear with the rest ofthe head and project in a frontward and downward manner within thedirectional quadrants relative to the ear canal clockwise between the 12o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors. In an example, asecond segment can rest on the top of the person's outer ear and/or thetissue connecting the outer ear with the rest of the head and project ina frontward and downward manner within the directional quadrant relativeto the ear canal clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3o'clock (90 degree) vectors.

In an example, a third segment of this device can extend upward from aperson's ear along the side of their head. In an example, a thirdsegment can span, curve, and/or loop upward from an ear. In an example,a third segment can extend upward from an ear along a vector which issubstantially parallel to the 1 o'clock (30 degree) vector or 2 o'clock(60 degree) vector shown in FIG. 17. In an example, a third segment canextend upward from an ear along a vector which is substantially parallelto a vector which is clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 3o'clock (90 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.

In an example, a third segment can be directly connected to a firstsegment and/or a second segment. In an example, these segments can bothbe part of the same continuous member and/or piece of material. In analternative example, this device can further comprise another memberbetween these segments which connects them together. In an example, athird segment can be at least two inches long. In an example, a thirdsegment can be at least four inches long.

In an example, a third segment can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, the third segment can be an arc, wave, or undulation witha rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, athird segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a thirdsegment can have a concavity whose opening faces rearward along a vectorwhich is parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7 o'clock(210 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectors.

In an example, a fourth segment can extend across a person's forehead.In an example, a fourth segment on the right side of a person's head canconnect to a fourth segment on the left side of the person's head. In anexample, a fourth segment can be directly connected to a third segment.In an example, third and fourth segments can both be part of the samecontinuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternative example,this device can further comprise another member between the third andfourth segments which connects them together. In an example, a fourthsegment can be at least four inches long.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIG. 33 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:(a) an undulating band which is configured to encircle a person's head,wherein the portion of this undulating band on the first side of theperson's head further comprises: a first segment which is configured tospan from the rear of the person's head to the person's ear; a secondsegment which is configured to span from the person's ear to a side ofthe person's face and/or forehead, wherein this second segment has aconcavity which opens upward; and a third segment which configured tospan across the person's forehead; (b) at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by theundulating band, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensorcollects data concerning electromagnetic brain activity; (c) a dataprocessor which receives data from the at least one electromagneticenergy sensor; (d) a data transmitter; and (e) a power source whichpowers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, the dataprocessor, and/or the data transmitter.

FIG. 33 shows another example of how this invention can be embodied inan undulating mobile EEG monitor comprising: (a) an undulating bandwhich is configured to span from a person's ear on a first side of theperson's head to the person's ear on the second side of the person'shead, wherein the portion of this undulating band on the first side ofthe person's head further comprises: a first segment which is configuredto span from the rear of the person's head to the person's ear; a secondsegment which is configured to span from the person's ear to a side ofthe person's face and/or forehead, wherein this second segment has aconcavity which opens upward; and a third segment which configured tospan across the person's forehead; (b) at least one EEG sensor which isheld in proximity to the person's head by the undulating band, whereinthe at least one EEG sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; (c) a data processor which receives data from the atleast one EEG sensor; (d) a data transmitter; and (e) a power sourcewhich powers the at least one EEG sensor, the data processor, and/or thedata transmitter.

With respect to specific components, FIG. 33 shows a right-side headview of a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activitycomprising: an undulating band which is configured to span from aperson's ear on a first side of the person's head to the person's ear onthe second side of the person's head, wherein the portion of thisundulating band on the first side of the person's head further comprisesfirst segment 3301 which is configured to span from the rear of theperson's head to the person's ear, second segment 3302 which isconfigured to span from the person's ear to a side of the person's faceand/or forehead, wherein this second segment has a concavity which opensupward, third segment 3303 which configured to span across the person'sforehead; electromagnetic energy sensors (such as EEG sensors) 3304,3305, and 3306; data processor 3308 data transmitter 3307; and powersource 3309. In an example, this device can be symmetric with respect tothe right and left sides of the person's head.

In an example, this undulating band can be resiliently-flexible. In anexample, this undulating band can gently press against the person's headwhen worn. In an example, this undulating band can be made from a metalor polymer. In an example, this undulating band can have prongs, teeth,or combs to engage with the person's hair to make the device lessobvious and/or to better hold it onto the person's head. In an example,this undulating band can be porous and/or have holes so as to bepermeable to gas and/or liquid. In an example, this undulating band canbe between one quarter inch and three inches in width.

In an example, an undulating band can be configured to receive the frameof a pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combinationwith eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprisean opening which is configured to receive the side-piece of the frame ofa pair of eyeglasses so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band can further comprise aclip or other attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of the frameof a pair of eyeglasses can be attached so that this device can be wornin combination with eyeglasses. In an example, an undulating band canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placedso that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, a first segment can span from the rear of the person'shead to a person's ear. In an example, a first segment can span fromrear of the person's head to a second segment. In an example, a firstsegment on a first side of the person's head can connect with a firstsegment on the second (opposite) side of the person's head. In anexample, these segments can all be part of the same continuous memberand/or piece of material. In an example, this device can furthercomprise other members which connect these segments together.

In an example, a first segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin two inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of the ear.In an example, a first segment can span the rear of a person's headwithin four inches of a horizontal line rearward from the top of theear. In an example, a first segment can span the rear of a person's headless than two inches above a horizontal line rearward from the top ofthe ear. In an example, a first segment can span the rear of a person'shead less than four inches above a horizontal line rearward from the topof the ear. In an example, a first segment can span the rear of aperson's head less than two inches below a horizontal line rearward fromthe top of the ear. In an example, a first segment can span the rear ofa person's head less than four inches below a horizontal line rearwardfrom the top of the ear. In an example, a first segment can furthercomprise prongs, teeth, or combs which engage the person's hair in orderto make a first segment less obvious or in order to better hold thedevice onto the person's head.

In an example, this device can include a second segment which spans froma person's ear to a side portion of their face and/or forehead. A secondsegment of this device can be directly connected to a first segment ofthis device. In an example, these segments can both be part of the samecontinuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternative example,this device can further comprise another member between these segmentswhich connects them together.

In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude, curve, or loopfrom a person's ear to the person's temple on the first side of theperson's head. In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person'sface. In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude, curve, orloop from the person's ear to a side portion of the person's forehead.In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude, curve, or loopforward from a person's ear along a vector which is substantiallyparallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 3 o'clock (90degree) and 5 o'clock (150 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17.

In an example, a second segment can be at least two inches long. In anexample, a second segment can be at least four inches long. In anexample, a second segment can extend, protrude, curve, or loop from theperson's ear to a position which is at least two inches from a person'sear toward the person's temple. In an example, a second segment canextend, protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a positionwhich is at least two inches toward the person's eye.

In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude, curve, or loopfrom the person's ear to a position which is between one quarter andthree-quarters of the way toward the person's temple on the first sideof the head. In an example, a second segment can extend, protrude,curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which is between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's eye on thefirst side of the head. In an example, a second segment can extend,protrude, curve, or loop from the person's ear to a position which isbetween one quarter and one-half of the way toward the center of theperson's forehead.

In an example, a second segment can be arcuate, wavy, and/or undulating.In an example, a second segment can be an arc, wave, or undulation witha rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak. In an example, asecond segment can have a shape selected from the group consisting of:arc, wave, undulation, semi-circle, semi-oval, loop, half-sinusoidalcurve, bell-shaped curve, and conic section. In an example, a secondsegment can have a concavity whose opening faces upward. In an example,a second segment can have a concavity whose opening faces along a vectorwhich is parallel to a vector which is clockwise between the 7 o'clock(210 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors shown in FIG. 17. In anexample, the most-forward point of a second segment can be located on aperson's temple. In an example, the most-forward point of a secondsegment can be located on the side of a person's forehead.

In an example, a second segment can have an upper portion which islocated in the directional quadrant clockwise between the 11 o'clock(330 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, a secondsegment can have an upper portion which is clockwise between the 12o'clock (0 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. In an example, asecond segment can span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner)downward and forward from a person's ear to a location on the side of aperson's forehead, then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner)upward, and then span (in an arcuate and/or undulating manner) upwardand rearward to a location above the ear on the side of the head.

In an example, a third segment can extend across a person's forehead. Inan example, a third segment on the right side of a person's head canconnect to a third segment on the left side of the person's head. In anexample, a third segment can be directly connected to a second segment.In an example, second and third segments can both be part of the samecontinuous member and/or piece of material. In an alternative example,this device can further comprise another member between the second andthird segments which connects them together. In an example, a thirdsegment can be at least four inches long.

Other components (including the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, data processor, data transmitter, and power source) can have thesame features and variations as the corresponding components discussedin other figures of this disclosure. Also, relevant portions of thenarratives which accompany other figures in this disclosure can also beapplied to this example, but are not repeated here.

FIGS. 35 through 52 show additional examples of how this invention canbe embodied in a wearable device for measuring electromagnetic brainactivity. Before showing and discussing these specific examples,however, it is useful to provide an introductory section of materialwhich can apply to these figures. This avoids the redundancy ofrepeating this material in each of the individual narratives whichaccompany the figures. As part of this introductory section, it is alsouseful to define radial clock hour (or degree) vectors around a person'souter ear canal opening. This definition is provided by FIG. 34.

FIG. 34 shows radial clock hour (or degree) vectors extending outwardsfrom the center of an ear canal outer opening. The 12 o'clock (or 0degree) vector is a vertical line extending upwards from the center ofthe ear canal outer opening when the person is standing upright. The 3o'clock (or 90 degree) vector is a horizontal line extending forwardfrom the center of the ear canal outer opening when the person isstanding upright. The 6 o'clock (or 180 degree) vector is a verticalline extending downwards from the center of the ear canal outer openingwhen the person is standing upright. The 9 o'clock (or 270 degree)vector is a horizontal line extending backward from the center of theear canal outer opening when the person is standing upright. FIG. 34also shows intermediate clock hour (or degree) vectors between thesefour vectors.

FIG. 34 can also be used to define the terms “rear”, “front”, “upper”,and “lower” with respect to a person's ear. The term “rear” can bedefined as spanning (some or all of) the directional quadrants clockwisebetween the 6 o'clock (180 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors.The term “front” can be defined as spanning (some or all of) thedirectional quadrants clockwise between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6o'clock (180 degree) vectors. The term “upper” can be defined asspanning (some or all) of the directional quadrants clockwise betweenthe 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors. The term“lower” can be defined as spanning some or all of the directionalquadrants clockwise between the 3 o'clock (90 degree) and 9 o'clock (270degree) vectors.

As shown in the figures that follow this introductory section, thisinvention can be embodied in a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity comprising: a (circumferential orpartially-circumferential) halo and/or headband which is worn on theupper portion of a person's head; a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors which are configured to be held in proximity to the person'shead by the halo and/or headband, wherein these electromagnetic energysensors collect data concerning electromagnetic activity of the person'sbrain; a wireless data transmitter and/or receiver; a data processor;and a power source.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a halo and/or headband.In an example, this invention can be embodied in an undulatingrear-tilted halo and/or headband. In an example, this invention can beembodied in an undulating hairband-style halo and/or headband. In anexample, this invention can be embodied in a partially-circumferentialhalo and/or headband. In an example, this invention can be embodied in ahalo and/or headband with a movable loop or arm.

In an example, a halo and/or headband can have a uniform width. In anexample, this uniform width can be within the range of ½″ to 3″. In anexample, a halo and/or headband can have a variable width. In anexample, front and read portions of a halo and/or headband can be widerthan side portions of the halo and/or headband. In an alternativeexample, side portions can be wider than front and rear portions. In anexample, a halo and/or headband can be flexible, stretchable, and/orelastic. In an example, a halo and/or headband can be flexiblyresilient. In an example, a halo and/or headband can have teeth, prongs,combs, or other protrusions which engage with a person's hair to betterhold it on a person's head.

In an example, a halo and/or headband can be made from metal. In anexample, a halo and/or headband can be made from a polymer. In anexample, a halo and/or headband can be stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable. In an example, one or more sections of the perimeter of ahalo and/or headband can be stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable. Inan example, the perimeter of a halo and/or headband can further compriseone or more sections with a first degree of stretchability, elasticity,and/or expandability and one or more sections with a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is greater than the first degree.

In an example, a halo and/or headband can further comprise a spring orother tensile member which holds the halo and/or headband against thesurface of a person's head. In an example, the perimeter of a haloand/or headband can further comprise a spring or other tensile memberwhich causes the halo and/or headband to exert (modest) pressure againstthe surface of the person's head to better hold the halo and/or headbandon the person's head and/or to better hold electromagnetic energysensors in proximity to the surface of the person's head.

In an example, a halo and/or headband can be one continuous memberand/or piece of material. In an example, a halo and/or headband cancomprise multiple members and/or components which are movably-connectedso that the size and/or shape of the halo and/or headband can beadjusted. In an example, a halo and/or headband can comprise multiplemembers and/or components which are slideably-connected so that the sizeand/or shape of the halo can be adjusted. In an example, a halo and/orheadband can comprise multiple telescoping (concentric) members whichcan be (partially) telescoped to adjust the size and/or shape of thehalo and/or headband to best fit a specific person's head.

In an example, a halo and/or headband can be configured to receive theside frame of a pair of eyeglasses (or other eyewear) so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses (or other eyewear). Inan example, a halo and/or headband can further comprise an opening whichis configured to receive the side-piece of an eyeglass (or othereyewear) frame so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses (or other eyewear). In an example, a halo and/or headband canfurther comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism to which theside-piece of an eyeglass (or other eyewear) frame can be attached sothat this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses (or othereyewear). In an example, a halo and/or headband can further comprise anindentation, groove, or track into (or against) which the side-piece ofthe side-piece of an eyeglass (or other eyewear) frame can be placed sothat this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses (or othereyewear).

In an example, this device can include a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors which are held in proximity to a person's head by thehalo and/or headband. In an example, electromagnetic energy sensors canbe held within 1″ of the surface of a person's head by the halo and/orheadband. In an example, a halo and/or headband can hold twoelectromagnetic energy sensors in position, one on each side of aperson's head. In an example, a halo and/or headband can hold fourelectromagnetic energy sensors, two on each side of a person's head. Inan example, a halo and/or headband can hold at least fourelectromagnetic energy sensors, at least one on each side of a person'shead, at least one on a person's forehead, and at least one on the rearportion of a person's head. In an example, a halo and/or headband canhold at least eight electromagnetic energy sensors, at least two on eachside of a person's head, at least two on a person's forehead, and atleast two on the rear portion of a person's head.

In an example, this device can comprise at least two electromagneticenergy sensors forward of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In anexample, this device can comprise at least two electromagnetic energysensors to the rear of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In an example,one or more electromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningbrain activity can be placed at one or more standard EEG placement sitesselected from the group consisting of: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3,AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3,FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7, C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8,TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, DJC, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz,P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz, PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be held inpermanent locations on a halo and/or headband. In an example, one ormore electromagnetic energy sensors can be moveably, slideably, and/orremovably attached to a halo and/or headband so that their locations canbe moved and/or adjusted. In an example, the locations of a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moved on a halo and/or headband tofind the optimal locations on that halo from which to collect dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity for a specific person. In anexample, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be slid alongtracks and/or grooves to different locations along a halo and/orheadband. In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors canbe snapped onto, clipped to, or plugged into different locations on ahalo and/or headband.

In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors can be moved manually. In an example, the locations of aplurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automaticallyby one or more actuators. In an example, the locations of a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automatically by one or moreactuators based on data from the sensors in order to optimize thelocations of the sensors for data collection. In an example, thelocations of a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be movedautomatically and data collected from different locations in order toidentify the optimal locations for data collection for a specificperson. In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors can be manually or automatically adjusted in order tocustomize this device for collection of brain activity data for aspecific person.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can be anelectromagnetic energy receiver which receives electromagnetic energywhich is naturally generated by the electromagnetic activity of thebrain. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise anelectromagnetic energy emitter at a first location and anelectromagnetic energy receiver at a second location, wherein theelectromagnetic energy receiver receives energy which has beentransmitted from the electromagnetic energy emitter through body tissue.In an example, the electromagnetic energy receiver can collect dataconcerning (changes in) the conductivity, resistance, and/or impedanceof electromagnetic energy transmitted through body tissue from theelectromagnetic energy emitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver.In an example, an electromagnetic energy emitter and an electromagneticenergy receiver can together by referred to as an electromagnetic energysensor.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor of this device can be anelectroencephalographic (EEG) sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a dry sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a wet sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be an inductive sensor. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can be a capacitive sensor. In an example,an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise an electromagnetic energyemitter and an electromagnetic energy receiver. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can comprise only an electromagneticenergy receiver. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can bean EEG sensor which collects data concerning the natural emission ofelectromagnetic energy by a person's brain. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can collect data concerning changes intransmission of electromagnetic energy from an emitter to a receiver dueto changes in electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltage fluctuationsresulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor which collects dataconcerning brain activity can measure voltage fluctuations between afirst electrode (e.g. sensor) and a second (reference) electrode (e.g.sensor) due to electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, voltagedifferences between a first electrode and a second (reference) electrodecan be called a “channel” In an example, a set of channels can be calleda “montage.”

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be achange in activity in a specific area of a person's brain. In anexample, this pattern can be a transient pattern. In an example, thispattern can be a repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern can be achange in an ongoing repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern canbe a change in electromagnetic brain activity measured from one locationor channel relative to electromagnetic brain activity measured from oneor more different locations or channels.

In an example, a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can bemodeled as a composite of multiple sine waves. In an example, arepeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can be decomposed intosub-patterns in different frequency bands. In an example, thesefrequency bands can be selected from the group consisting of: Delta,Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asDelta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4 Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. Ongoingbrain waveforms classified as Theta waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: from the group consisting of:3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz, 4-7 Hz, 4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Alpha waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 8-13Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 8-10 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asBeta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30 Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24 Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Gamma waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: group consisting of: 30-100 Hz,35-100 Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greater than 30 Hz.

In an example, this device can include a data processor which receivesdata from at least one electromagnetic energy sensor. In an example, adata processor can be selected from the group consisting of: centralprocessing unit, microchip, and microprocessor. In an example, patternsof electromagnetic brain activity can be analyzed using one or moremethods selected from the group consisting of: Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Auto-Regressive (AR) Modeling,Bayesian Analysis, Bonferroni Analysis (BA), Centroid Analysis,Chi-Squared Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Correlation, Covariance, DataNormalization (DN), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA), Discrete Fouriertransform (DFT), Discriminant Analysis (DA), Empirical ModeDecomposition (EMD), Factor Analysis (FA), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),Feature Vector Analysis (FVA), Fisher Linear Discriminant, FourierTransformation (FT) Method, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Modeling, Gaussian Model(GM), Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)Modeling, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Independent Components Analysis(ICA), Inter-Band Power Ratio, Inter-Channel Power Ratio, Inter-MontagePower Mean, Inter-Montage Ratio, Kalman Filter (KF), Kernel Estimation,Laplacian Filter, Laplacian Montage Analysis, Least Squares Estimation,Linear Regression, Linear Transform, Logit Model, Machine Learning (ML),Markov Model, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Maximum Likelihood, Mean Power,Multi-Band Covariance Analysis, Multi-Channel Covariance Analysis,Multivariate Linear Regression, Multivariate Logit, MultivariateRegression, Naive Bayes Classifier, Neural Network, Non-LinearProgramming, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Power SpectralDensity, Power Spectrum Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),Probit Model, Quadratic Minimum Distance Classifier, Random Forest (RF),Random Forest Analysis (RFA), Regression Model, Signal Amplitude (SA),Signal Averaging, Signal Decomposition, Sine Wave Compositing, SingularValue Decomposition (SVD), Spine Function, Support Vector and/or Machine(SVM), Time Domain Analysis, Time Frequency Analysis, Time Series Model,Trained Bayes Classifier, Variance, Waveform Identification, WaveletAnalysis, and Wavelet Transformation.

In an example, this device can include a wireless data transmitterand/or receiver. In an example, this device can include a dataprocessor. In an example, a first data processor and/or data transmitterwhich is physically part of a wearable component can be in electroniccommunication with a second data processor and/or data receiver which isnot physically part of a wearable component. In an example, dataprocessing can be distributed between first and second data processors.In an example, a second data processor can be part of a remote computingdevice. In an example, a second data processor can be part of a wearabledata processing hub, mobile computer, electronic tablet, electronic pad,mobile phone, smart phone, implanted medical device, internet-connectedremote computer, communication network tower, satellite, or home controlsystem.

In an example, this device can include a power source which powers anelectromagnetic energy sensor, a data processor, and/or a datatransmitter. In an example, a power source can be a battery. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from body motion or kinetic energy. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from ambient light energy. In an example, a powersource and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generateenergy from body thermal energy. In an example, a power source and/orpower transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy fromambient electromagnetic energy.

In an example, this device can serve as a human-to-computer-interface(HCl) based on electromagnetic brain activity. In addition, this devicecan further comprise one or more other human-to-computer-interface (HCl)components. One or more human-computer-interface components can beselected from the group consisting of: touch screen, gesture recognitioninterface, speech and/or voice recognition interface, button and/orkeypad, dial and/or knob, and motion sensor. In an example, this devicecan further comprise one or more computer-to-human interface (HCl)components. In an example, this device can be customized for Weird Al byincluding aluminum foil inside the halo. One or more computer-to-humaninterface components can be selected from the group consisting of:display screen, light emitter and/or light-emitting array,light-emitting fabric, optical emitter, speaker, buzzer, or othersound-emitting member, electromagnetic signal generator, vibratingmember, actuator, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), augmentedreality eyewear, virtual reality eyewear, and electronically-functionaleyewear. Relevant variations and components discussed in thejust-concluded introductory section can be applied to the examples whichfollow.

FIG. 35 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:a saddle-shaped halo 3501 which is configured to be worn around theupper portion of a person's head; a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors (including 3505, 3506, 3507, and 3508) which are configured tobe held in proximity to the person's head by the saddle-shaped halo,wherein these electromagnetic energy sensors collect data concerningelectromagnetic activity of the person's brain; a wireless datatransmitter and/or receiver 3502; a data processor 3503; and a powersource 3504. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, front and rear portions of a saddle-shaped halo whichspan the front and rear portions of a person's head, respectively, canbe configured to be a first average distance from the top of theperson's head. Right and left side portions of a saddle-shaped halowhich span the right and left sides of the person's head, respectively,can be configured to be a second average distance from the top of theperson's head. Further, the second distance can be greater than thefirst distance. In an example: front and rear portions of asaddle-shaped halo which span the front and rear portions of theperson's head, respectively, can be configured to have a first heightwhen the person is standing upright; right and left side portions of asaddle-shaped halo which span the right and left sides of the person'shead, respectively, can be configured to have a second height when theperson is standing upright; and the second height can be lower than thefirst height.

In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can be shaped like the perimeter ofa hyperbolic paraboloid. In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can beshaped like the perimeter of a Pringles™ brand chip. In an example, theperimeter of a saddle-shaped halo can be shaped like a circle or ovalwhich has been placed on top of a person's head and then virtuallymelted (inspired perhaps by Salvatore Dali?) so that its sides droopdownward.

In an example, a front portion of a saddle-shaped halo can span thefront of a person's head between the 1 o'clock (30 degree) vector andthe 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In an example, a front portion of asaddle-shaped halo can be configured to at least partially span aperson's forehead. In an example, a front portion of a saddle-shapedhalo can be configured to span the front of a person's head within 2″ ofthe person's hairline and/or the top of the person's forehead.

In an example, a rear portion of a saddle-shaped halo can span the rearof a person's head between the 10 o'clock (300 degree) vector and the 11o'clock (330 degree) vector. In an example, a side portion of asaddle-shaped halo can span the side of a person's head between the 10o'clock (300 degree) vector and the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In anexample, a side portion of a saddle-shaped halo can be configured tospan the side of a person's head within 2″ of the top of the person'sear (on that side).

In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can have a uniform width. In anexample, this uniform width can be within the range of ½″ to 3″. In anexample, a saddle-shaped halo can have a variable width. In an example,front and read portions of a saddle-shaped halo can be wider than sideportions of the saddle-shaped halo. In an alternative example, sideportions can be wider than front and rear portions. In an example, asaddle-shaped halo can be flexible, stretchable, and/or elastic. In anexample, a saddle-shaped halo can be flexibly resilient. In an example,a saddle-shaped halo can have teeth, prongs, combs, or other protrusionswhich engage with a person's hair to better hold the halo on theperson's head.

In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can be made from metal. In anexample, a saddle-shaped halo can be made from a polymer. In an example,a saddle-shaped halo can be stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable. Inan example, one or more sections of the perimeter of a saddle-shapedhalo can be stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable. In an example, theperimeter of a saddle-shaped halo can further comprise one or moresections with a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and one or more sections with a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is greater than the first degree.

In an example, the perimeter of a saddle-shaped halo can furthercomprise a spring or other tensile member which holds the saddle-shapedhalo against the surface of the person's head. In an example, theperimeter of a saddle-shaped halo can further comprise a spring or othertensile member which causes the saddle-shaped halo to exert (modest)pressure against the surface of the person's head to better hold thesaddle-shaped halo on the person's head and/or to better hold theelectromagnetic energy sensors in proximity to the surface of theperson's head.

In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can be one continuous member and/orpiece of material. In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can comprisemultiple members and/or components which are movably-connected so thatthe size and/or shape of the halo can be adjusted. In an example, asaddle-shaped halo can comprise multiple members and/or components whichare slideably-connected so that the size and/or shape of the halo can beadjusted. In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can comprise multipletelescoping (concentric) members which can be (partially) telescoped toadjust the size and/or shape of the halo to best fit a specific person'shead.

In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can be configured to receive theside frame of a pair of eyeglasses (or other eyewear) so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses (or other eyewear). Inan example, a rear segment of this device can further comprise anopening which is configured to receive the side-piece of an eyeglass (orother eyewear) frame so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses (or other eyewear). In an example, a rear segment of thisdevice can further comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism towhich the side-piece of an eyeglass (or other eyewear) frame can beattached so that this device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses(or other eyewear). In an example, a rear segment of this device canfurther comprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against)which the side-piece of the side-piece of an eyeglass (or other eyewear)frame can be placed so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses (or other eyewear).

In an example, this device includes a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors which are held in proximity to a person's head by thesaddle-shaped halo. In an example, electromagnetic energy sensors can beheld within 1″ of the surface of a person's head by the saddle-shapedhalo. In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can hold two electromagneticenergy sensors in position, one on each side of a person's head. In anexample, a saddle-shaped halo can hold four electromagnetic energysensors, two on each side of a person's head. In an example, asaddle-shaped halo can hold at least four electromagnetic energysensors, at least one on each side of a person's head, at least one on aperson's forehead, and at least one on the rear portion of a person'shead. In an example, a saddle-shaped halo can hold at least eightelectromagnetic energy sensors, at least two on each side of a person'shead, at least two on a person's forehead, and at least two on the rearportion of a person's head.

In an example, this device can comprise at least two electromagneticenergy sensors forward of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In anexample, this device can comprise at least two electromagnetic energysensors to the rear of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In an example,one or more electromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerningbrain activity can be placed at one or more standard EEG placement sitesselected from the group consisting of: FP1, FPz, FP2, AF7, AF5, AF3,AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT7, FC5, FC3,FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7, C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2, C5, C6, T4/T8,TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, DJC, TP8, T5/P7, P5, P3, P1, Pz,P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz, PO4, PO6, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be held inpermanent locations on a saddle-shaped halo. In an example, one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moveably, slideably, and/orremovably attached to a saddle-shaped halo so that their locations canbe moved and/or adjusted. In an example, the locations of a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moved on a saddle-shaped halo tofind the optimal locations on that halo from which to collect dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity for a specific person. In anexample, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be slid alongtracks and/or grooves to different locations along a saddle-shaped halo.In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be snappedonto, clipped to, or plugged into different locations on a saddle-shapedhalo.

In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors can be moved manually. In an example, the locations of aplurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automaticallyby one or more actuators. In an example, the locations of a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automatically by one or moreactuators based on data from the sensors in order to optimize thelocations of the sensors for data collection. In an example, thelocations of a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be movedautomatically and data collected from different locations in order toidentify the optimal locations for data collection for a specificperson. In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors can be manually or automatically adjusted in order tocustomize this device for collection of brain activity data for aspecific person.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can be anelectromagnetic energy receiver which receives electromagnetic energywhich is naturally generated by the electromagnetic activity of thebrain. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise anelectromagnetic energy emitter at a first location and anelectromagnetic energy receiver at a second location, wherein theelectromagnetic energy receiver receives energy which has beentransmitted from the electromagnetic energy emitter through body tissue.In an example, the electromagnetic energy receiver can collect dataconcerning (changes in) the conductivity, resistance, and/or impedanceof electromagnetic energy transmitted through body tissue from theelectromagnetic energy emitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver.In an example, an electromagnetic energy emitter and an electromagneticenergy receiver can together by referred to as an electromagnetic energysensor.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor of this device can be anelectroencephalographic (EEG) sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a dry sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a wet sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be an inductive sensor. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can be a capacitive sensor. In an example,an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise an electromagnetic energyemitter and an electromagnetic energy receiver. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can comprise only an electromagneticenergy receiver. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can bean EEG sensor which collects data concerning the natural emission ofelectromagnetic energy by a person's brain. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can collect data concerning changes intransmission of electromagnetic energy from an emitter to a receiver dueto changes in electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltage fluctuationsresulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor which collects dataconcerning brain activity can measure voltage fluctuations between afirst electrode (e.g. sensor) and a second (reference) electrode (e.g.sensor) due to electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, voltagedifferences between a first electrode and a second (reference) electrodecan be called a “channel” In an example, a set of channels can be calleda “montage.”

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be achange in activity in a specific area of a person's brain. In anexample, this pattern can be a transient pattern. In an example, thispattern can be a repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern can be achange in an ongoing repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern canbe a change in electromagnetic brain activity measured from one locationor channel relative to electromagnetic brain activity measured from oneor more different locations or channels.

In an example, a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can bemodeled as a composite of multiple sine waves. In an example, arepeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can be decomposed intosub-patterns in different frequency bands. In an example, thesefrequency bands can be selected from the group consisting of: Delta,Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asDelta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4 Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. Ongoingbrain waveforms classified as Theta waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: from the group consisting of:3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz, 4-7 Hz, 4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Alpha waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 8-13Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 8-10 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asBeta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30 Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24 Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Gamma waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: group consisting of: 30-100 Hz,35-100 Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greater than 30 Hz.

In an example, this device can include a data processor which receivesdata from at least one electromagnetic energy sensor. In an example, adata processor can be selected from the group consisting of: centralprocessing unit, microchip, and microprocessor. In an example, patternsof electromagnetic brain activity can be analyzed using one or moremethods selected from the group consisting of: Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Auto-Regressive (AR) Modeling,Bayesian Analysis, Bonferroni Analysis (BA), Centroid Analysis,Chi-Squared Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Correlation, Covariance, DataNormalization (DN), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA), Discrete Fouriertransform (DFT), Discriminant Analysis (DA), Empirical ModeDecomposition (EMD), Factor Analysis (FA), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),Feature Vector Analysis (FVA), Fisher Linear Discriminant, FourierTransformation (FT) Method, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Modeling, Gaussian Model(GM), Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)Modeling, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Independent Components Analysis(ICA), Inter-Band Power Ratio, Inter-Channel Power Ratio, Inter-MontagePower Mean, Inter-Montage Ratio, Kalman Filter (KF), Kernel Estimation,Laplacian Filter, Laplacian Montage Analysis, Least Squares Estimation,Linear Regression, Linear Transform, Logit Model, Machine Learning (ML),Markov Model, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Maximum Likelihood, Mean Power,Multi-Band Covariance Analysis, Multi-Channel Covariance Analysis,Multivariate Linear Regression, Multivariate Logit, MultivariateRegression, Naive Bayes Classifier, Neural Network, Non-LinearProgramming, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Power SpectralDensity, Power Spectrum Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),Probit Model, Quadratic Minimum Distance Classifier, Random Forest (RF),Random Forest Analysis (RFA), Regression Model, Signal Amplitude (SA),Signal Averaging, Signal Decomposition, Sine Wave Compositing, SingularValue Decomposition (SVD), Spine Function, Support Vector and/or Machine(SVM), Time Domain Analysis, Time Frequency Analysis, Time Series Model,Trained Bayes Classifier, Variance, Waveform Identification, WaveletAnalysis, and Wavelet Transformation.

In an example, this device can include a wireless data transmitterand/or receiver. In an example, this device can include a dataprocessor. In an example, a first data processor and/or data transmitterwhich is physically part of a wearable component can be in electroniccommunication with a second data processor and/or data receiver which isnot physically part of a wearable component. In an example, dataprocessing can be distributed between first and second data processors.In an example, a second data processor can be part of a remote computingdevice. In an example, a second data processor can be part of a wearabledata processing hub, mobile computer, electronic tablet, electronic pad,mobile phone, smart phone, implanted medical device, internet-connectedremote computer, communication network tower, satellite, or home controlsystem.

In an example, this device can include a power source which powers anelectromagnetic energy sensor, a data processor, and/or a datatransmitter. In an example, a power source can be a battery. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from body motion or kinetic energy. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from ambient light energy. In an example, a powersource and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generateenergy from body thermal energy. In an example, a power source and/orpower transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy fromambient electromagnetic energy.

In an example, this device can serve as a human-to-computer-interface(HCl) based on electromagnetic brain activity. In addition, this devicecan further comprise one or more other human-to-computer-interface (HCl)components. One or more human-computer-interface components can beselected from the group consisting of: touch screen, gesture recognitioninterface, speech and/or voice recognition interface, button and/orkeypad, dial and/or knob, and motion sensor. In an example, this devicecan further comprise one or more computer-to-human interface (HCl)components. In an example, this device can be customized for Weird Al byincluding aluminum foil inside the halo. One or more computer-to-humaninterface components can be selected from the group consisting of:display screen, light emitter and/or light-emitting array,light-emitting fabric, optical emitter, speaker, buzzer, or othersound-emitting member, electromagnetic signal generator, vibratingmember, actuator, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), augmentedreality eyewear, virtual reality eyewear, and electronically-functionaleyewear. Other relevant variations and components discussed in otherportions of this concurrent disclosure or prior disclosures incorporatedherein by reference can also be applied to this example.

FIG. 36 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:an undulating rear-tilted headband 3601 which is configured to be wornaround a person's head; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors(including 3605, 3606, 3607, and 3608) which are configured to be heldin proximity to the person's head by the undulating rear-tiltedheadband, wherein these electromagnetic energy sensors collect dataconcerning electromagnetic activity of the person's brain; a wirelessdata transmitter and/or receiver 3602; a data processor 3603; and apower source 3604. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can be tilted at anangle (relative to a horizontal plane when the person is standingupright) between 10 degree and 70 degrees. In an example, an undulatingrear-tilted headband can circle a person's head from the upper-frontportion of the person's head (including the person's forehead) to thelower-rear portion of the person's head. In an example, a virtual circlecan be drawn which most closely fits the perimeter of the undulatingrear-tilted headband. In an example, closest fit can be done byminimizing the average distance between points around the perimeters ofthe undulating rear-tilted headband and the virtual circle. In anexample, the plane formed by this virtual circle can be parallel to arear-facing vector between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) vector and the 9o'clock (270 degree) vector and/or a front-facing vector between the 12o'clock (0 degree) vector and the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In otherwords, the rear portion of the rear-tilted headband is lower and thefront portion of this headband is higher.

In an example: the front portion of the undulating rear-tilted headbandcan span the front portion of the person's head at an average firstdistance from the top of the person's head; a side portion of theundulating rear-tilted headband can span the side of the person's headat an average second distance from the top of the person's head; therear portion of the undulating rear-tilted headband can span the rear ofthe person's head at an average third distance from the top of theperson's head; the second average distance can be greater than the firstaverage distance; and the third average distance can be greater than thesecond average distance.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can have a wave shapewhich is sinusoidal or the composite of multiple sinusoidal waves. In anexample, an undulating rear-tilted headband can comprise have fourwavelike undulations. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan comprise four sinusoidal undulations. In an example, an undulatingrear-tilted headband can comprise four upward-opening concavities andfour downward-opening concavities. In an example, the front portion ofan undulating rear-tilted headband can cross over a person's hairline.In an example, the front portion of an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan partially span a person's forehead and partially span a person'shair. In an example, the front portion of an undulating rear-tiltedheadband can curve upwards from a person's temple to loop over the topof a person's head.

In an example, a side of an undulating rear-tilted headband can comprisea downward-opening concavity which spans at least a portion of theperimeter of the ear on that side. In an example, a side of anundulating rear-tilted headband can comprise a downward-openingconcavity which at least partially encircles a person's ear. In anexample, the right and left sides of an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan rest on top of a person's right and left ears, respectively. In anexample, the right and left sides of an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan curve around the upper-rear portions of a person's right and leftears, respectively. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan further comprise a wave and/or curve which is configured to peakabove the person's ear. In an example, an undulating rear-tiltedheadband can further comprise a wave and/or curve which is configured topeak directly above the person's ear.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can have at least twoupward-opening concavities on the right side of a person's head and atleast two upward-opening concavities on the left side of the person'shead. In an example, and undulating rear-tilted headband can have atleast two downward-opening concavities on the right side of a person'shead and at least two downward-opening concavities on the left side ofthe person's head. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband canhave a downward-opening concavity above a person's ear. In an example,and undulating rear-tilted headband can have a concavity above aperson's ear, wherein the central axis of this concavity (from the peakof the concavity extending through the center of the concavity opening)is parallel to a vector between the 3 o'clock (90 degree) and 6 o'clock(180 degree) vectors. In an example, and undulating rear-tilted headbandcan have a concavity above a person's ear, wherein the central axis ofthis concavity (from the peak of the concavity extending through thecenter of the concavity opening) is parallel to a vector between the 4o'clock (120 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degree) vectors.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can have at least twoundulations as it spans a side of a person's head. In an example, anundulating rear-tilted headband can have a first upward-openingconcavity as it spans between the rear of a person's head and theperson's ear and a second upward-opening concavity as it spans between aperson's ear and the frontal center of the person's head. In an example,an undulating rear-tilted headband can have: a first concavity with acentral axis (from the peak of the concavity through the center of theconcavity opening) parallel to a vector between the 10 o'clock (300degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors as it spans between the rearof a person's head and the person's ear; and a second concavity with acentral axis (from the peak of the concavity through the center of theconcavity opening) parallel to a vector between the 10 o'clock (300degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors as it spans between the rearof a person's head and the person's ear. In an example, the first andsecond concavities can be configured so that a person's ear is betweenthem. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can rest on thetop of a person's ear (and/or the portion of the person's ear whichconnects it to the head).

In an example, a front portion of an undulating rear-tilted headband canspan the front of a person's head between the 1 o'clock (30 degree)vector and the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector. In an example, a rearportion of an undulating rear-tilted headband can span the rear of aperson's head between the 7 o'clock (210 degree) vector and the 9o'clock (270 degree) vector. In an example, a front portion of anundulating rear-tilted headband can be configured to span the front of aperson's head within 2″ of the person's hairline and/or the top of theperson's forehead. In an example, a side portion of an undulatingrear-tilted headband can be configured to span the side of a person'shead within a distance of 1″ from the top of the person's ear on thatside.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can have a uniformwidth within the range of ½″ to 3″. In an example, an undulatingrear-tilted headband can have a variable width wherein the front andread portions are wider than the side portions. In an example, anundulating rear-tilted headband can have a variable width wherein theside portions are wider than the front and rear portions. In an example,an undulating rear-tilted headband can be flexible, stretchable, and/orelastic. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can beflexibly resilient. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headbandcan have teeth, prongs, combs, or other protrusions which engage thering with a person's hair to better hold the ring on the person's head.In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can be made frommetal. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can be madefrom a polymer.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can be one continuousmember and/or one piece of material. In an example, an undulatingrear-tilted headband can comprise multiple members and/or componentswhich are movably-connected so that the size and/or shape of the ringcan be adjusted. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband cancomprise multiple members and/or components which areslideably-connected so that the size and/or shape of the ring can beadjusted. In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can comprisemultiple members and/or components which are telescoping so that thesize and/or shape of the ring can be adjusted to best fit a specificperson's head.

In an example, an undulating rear-tilted headband can be configured toreceive the side frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses.

In an example, this device can include a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors which are held in proximity to a person's head by theundulating rear-tilted headband. In an example, a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be held within 1″ of the surface of aperson's head by the undulating rear-tilted headband. In an example,there can be at least one electromagnetic energy sensor on the frontportion of the undulating rear-tilted headband which spans the front ofthe person's head. In an example, there can be at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held on a person's forehead bythe undulating rear-tilted headband. In an example, there can be atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor on a side portion of theundulating rear-tilted headband which spans a side of the person's head.In an example, there can be at least one electromagnetic energy sensoron the rear portion of the undulating rear-tilted headband which spansthe rear the person's head.

In an example, there can be at least two electromagnetic energy sensorsforward of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In an example, there can beat least two electromagnetic energy sensors to the rear of the 12o'clock (0 degree) vector. In an example, there can be at least threeelectromagnetic energy sensors forward of the 12 o'clock (0 degree)vector. In an example, there can be at least three electromagneticenergy sensors to the rear of the 12 o'clock (0 degree) vector. In anexample, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors which collect dataconcerning brain activity can be placed at one or more standard EEGplacement sites selected from the group consisting of: FP1, FPz, FP2,AF7, AF5, AF3, AFz, AF4, AF6, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8,FT7, FC5, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, T3/T7, C3, C4, C1, Cz, C2,C5, C6, T4/T8, TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, DJC, TP8, T5/P7,P5, P3, P1, Pz, P2, P4, P6, T6/P8, PO7, PO5, PO3, POz, PO4, PO6, PO8,O1, Oz, and O2.

In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be held inpermanent locations on an undulating rear-tilted headband. In anexample, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be moveablyand/or slideably attached to an undulating rear-tilted headband so thattheir locations can be moved and/or adjusted. In an example, thelocations of a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be movedon an undulating rear-tilted headband to find the optimal locations onthat ring from which to collect data concerning electromagnetic brainactivity for a specific person. In an example, one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors can be slid along tracks and/or grooveson an undulating rear-tilted headband in order to adjust theirlocations. In an example, one or more electromagnetic energy sensors canbe snapped or clipped to different locations on an undulatingrear-tilted headband in order to adjust their locations. In an example,one or more electromagnetic energy sensors can be plugged into differentlocations on an undulating rear-tilted headband in order to adjust theirlocations.

In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors can be moved manually. In an example, the locations of aplurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automaticallyby one or more actuators. In an example, the locations of a plurality ofelectromagnetic energy sensors can be moved automatically by one or moreactuators based on data from the sensors in order to optimize thelocations of the sensors for data collection. In an example, thelocations of a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors can be movedautomatically and data collected from different locations in order toidentify the optimal locations for data collection for a specificperson. In an example, the locations of a plurality of electromagneticenergy sensors can be manually or automatically adjusted in order tocustomize this device for collection of brain activity data for aspecific person.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can be anelectromagnetic energy receiver which receives electromagnetic energywhich is naturally generated by the electromagnetic activity of thebrain. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise anelectromagnetic energy emitter at a first location and anelectromagnetic energy receiver at a second location, wherein theelectromagnetic energy receiver receives energy which has beentransmitted from the electromagnetic energy emitter through body tissue.In an example, the electromagnetic energy receiver can collect dataconcerning (changes in) the conductivity, resistance, and/or impedanceof electromagnetic energy transmitted through body tissue from theelectromagnetic energy emitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver.In an example, an electromagnetic energy emitter and an electromagneticenergy receiver can together by referred to as an electromagnetic energysensor.

In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor of this device can be anelectroencephalographic (EEG) sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a dry sensor. In an example, an electromagneticenergy sensor can be a wet sensor. In an example, the electromagneticenergy sensor can be an inductive sensor. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can be a capacitive sensor. In an example,an electromagnetic energy sensor can comprise an electromagnetic energyemitter and an electromagnetic energy receiver. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can comprise only an electromagneticenergy receiver. In an example, an electromagnetic energy sensor can bean EEG sensor which collects data concerning the natural emission ofelectromagnetic energy by a person's brain. In an example, anelectromagnetic energy sensor can collect data concerning changes intransmission of electromagnetic energy from an emitter to a receiver dueto changes in electromagnetic brain activity. In an example, anelectromagnetic brain activity sensor can measure voltage fluctuationsresulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain.

In an example, a pattern of electromagnetic brain activity can be achange in activity in a specific area of a person's brain. In anexample, this pattern can be a transient pattern. In an example, thispattern can be a repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern can be achange in an ongoing repeating pattern. In an example, this pattern canbe a change in electromagnetic brain activity measured from one locationor channel relative to electromagnetic brain activity measured from oneor more different locations or channels.

In an example, a repeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can bemodeled as a composite of multiple sine waves. In an example, arepeating electromagnetic brain activity pattern can be decomposed intosub-patterns in different frequency bands. In an example, thesefrequency bands can be selected from the group consisting of: Delta,Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asDelta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 0.5-3.5 Hz, 0.5-4 Hz, 1-3 Hz, 1-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz. Ongoingbrain waveforms classified as Theta waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: from the group consisting of:3.5-7 Hz, 3-7 Hz, 4-7 Hz, 4-7.5 Hz, 4-8 Hz, and 5-7 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Alpha waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: 7-13 Hz, 7-14 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 8-13Hz, 7-11 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 8-10 Hz. Ongoing brain waveforms classified asBeta waves can be within a frequency band selected from the groupconsisting of: 11-30 Hz, 12-30 Hz, 13-18 Hz, 13-22 Hz, 13-26 Hz, 13-26Hz, 13-30 Hz, 13-32 Hz, 14-24 Hz, 14-30 Hz, and 14-40 Hz. Ongoing brainwaveforms classified as Gamma waves can be within a frequency bandselected from the group consisting of: group consisting of: 30-100 Hz,35-100 Hz, 40-100 Hz, and greater than 30 Hz.

In an example, this device can include a wireless data transmitterand/or receiver. In an example, this device can include a dataprocessor. In an example, a first data processor and/or data transmitterwhich is physically part of a wearable component can be in electroniccommunication with a second data processor and/or data receiver which isnot physically part of a wearable component. In an example, dataprocessing can be distributed between first and second data processors.In an example, a second data processor can be part of a remote computingdevice. In an example, a second data processor can be part of a wearabledata processing hub, mobile computer, electronic tablet, electronic pad,mobile phone, smart phone, implanted medical device, internet-connectedremote computer, communication network tower, satellite, or home controlsystem.

In an example, this device can include a power source which powers anelectromagnetic energy sensor, a data processor, and/or a datatransmitter. In an example, a power source can be a battery. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from body motion or kinetic energy. In anexample, a power source and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest,and/or generate energy from ambient light energy. In an example, a powersource and/or power transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generateenergy from body thermal energy. In an example, a power source and/orpower transducer can transduce, harvest, and/or generate energy fromambient electromagnetic energy. Other relevant variations and componentsdiscussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure or priordisclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be applied to thisexample.

FIG. 37 shows an example that is similar to the one shown in FIG. 36except that an undulating headband is configured to span the front ofthe person's head over the center of the person's forehead. FIG. 37shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in a wearabledevice for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising: anundulating headband 3701 which is configured to be worn around aperson's head; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors (including3705, 3706, 3707, and 3708) which are configured to be held in proximityto the person's head by the undulating headband, wherein theseelectromagnetic energy sensors collect data concerning electromagneticactivity of the person's brain; a wireless data transmitter and/orreceiver 3702; a data processor 3703; and a power source 3704. In anexample, this device can have a symmetric configuration on the otherside of the person's head, which is not shown here. Other relevantvariations and components discussed in other portions of this concurrentdisclosure or prior disclosures incorporated herein by reference canalso be applied to this example.

FIG. 38 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:an undulating hairband-style loop 3801 which is configured to span fromthe right ear to the left ear (or vice versa) over the upper-frontportion a person's head; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors(including 3805, 3806, and 3807) which are configured to be held inproximity to the person's head by the undulating headband, wherein theseelectromagnetic energy sensors collect data concerning electromagneticactivity of the person's brain; a wireless data transmitter and/orreceiver 3802; a data processor 3803; and a power source 3804. In anexample, this device can have a symmetric configuration on the otherside of the person's head, which is not shown here.

In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can span from one earto the other ear, across the front portion of a person's head. In anexample, the left-side end of an undulating hairband-style loop cancurve around the rear portion of a person's left ear and the right-sideend of the undulating hairband-type loop can curve around the rearportion of the person's right ear. In an example, an undulatinghairband-style loop can start behind a person's right ear, loop over thetop of the right ear, curve forward toward (but not reach) the person'sright eye, curve upward toward the top of the head, span the upper-frontof the person's head, curve downward (but not reach) the person's lefteye, curve backward toward the left ear, loop over the top of the leftear, and then curve behind the person's left ear. In an example, an arcof a virtual circle can be drawn to closely fit an undulatinghairband-style loop by minimizing the average distance from theperimeter of the arc to the perimeter of the loop. In an example, theplane of this arc can be parallel to a forward-facing vector between the12 o'clock (0 degree) vector and the 2 o'clock (60 degree) vector.

In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can have an arcuateshape which is a sinusoidal curve or the composite of multiplesinusoidal curves. In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop canfurther comprise an arcuate wave and/or curve which partially encirclesthe person's ear. In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop canfurther comprise a sinusoidal wave and/or curve which partiallyencircles the person's ear. In an example, an undulating hairband-styleloop can further comprise an upward arcuate wave and/or curve which isconfigured to peak above the person's ear. In an example, an undulatinghairband-style loop can further comprise an upward sinusoidal waveand/or curve which is configured to peak above the person's ear.

In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can have two forwardand/or downward opening concavities and three rear and/or upward openingconcavities. In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can havetwo side forward and/or downward opening concavities which partiallyencircle the right and left ears, respectively. In an example, thecentral axis (opening outward from the peak of the concavity) of aconcavity which partially encircles an ear can be parallel to a vectorbetween the 3 o'clock (90 degree) vector and the 6 o'clock (180 degree)vector.

In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can have right and leftside forward and/or downward opening concavities, wherein theseconcavities partially encircle the right and left ears, respectively. Inan example, the central axis of a concavity (opening outward from thepeak of the concavity) which partially encircles an ear can be parallelto a vector between the 3 o'clock (90 degree) vector and the 6 o'clock(180 degree) vector. In an example, an undulating hairband-style loopcan have a central forward and/or downward opening concavity which goesover the front of the head, opening toward the person's forehead. In anexample, an undulating hairband-style loop can have right and left siderear and upward opening concavities which connect the right and leftside forward and/or downward opening concavities, respectively, with thecentral forward and/or downward opening concavity. In an example, themost frontal points of an undulating hairband-style loop are on waves orcurves between the ears and a central forward and/or downward openingconcavity which goes over the front of the head. In an example, the mostrearward points of an undulating hairband-style loop are on portionswhich curve around the rear portions of ears.

In an example, an undulating hairband-style loop can be configured toreceive the side frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this device canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment ofthis device can further comprise an opening which is configured toreceive the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that thisdevice can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a rearsegment of this device can further comprise a clip or other attachmentmechanism to which the side-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglassescan be attached so that this device can be worn in combination witheyeglasses. In an example, a rear segment of this device can furthercomprise an indentation, groove, or track into (or against) which theside-piece of the frame of a pair of eyeglasses can be placed so thatthis device can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. Other relevantvariations and components discussed in other portions of this concurrentdisclosure or prior disclosures incorporated herein by reference canalso be applied to this example.

FIG. 39 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:an undulating headband (including rear portion 3901 and front portion3902) which is configured to be worn around a person's head and also earprong (603) which engages a portion of the perimeter of the person'souter ear; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors (including 3907and 3908) which are configured to be held in proximity to the person'shead by the undulating headband, wherein these electromagnetic energysensors collect data concerning electromagnetic activity of the person'sbrain; a wireless data transmitter and/or receiver 3904; a dataprocessor 3905; and a power source 3906. In an example, this device canhave a symmetric configuration on the other side of the person's head,which is not shown here.

In an example, front and rear portions of an undulating headband can behigher than side portions of the undulating headband. In an example, thefront portion of the undulating headband is configured to span across aperson's forehead. In an example, the right and left side portions ofthe undulating headband are configured to dip down to within 1″ of theperson's right and left ears, respectively. In an example, the right andleft side portions of the undulating headband are attached to right andleft ear prongs, wherein each ear prong partially encircles theperimeter of the person's outer ear and/or the connection between themain body of the head and the outer ear. In an example, the ear prongsfrictionally-engage the person's outer ears and help to hold theundulating headband in place.

In an example, an undulating headband encircles a person's head. In anexample, the front portion of this headband spans the person's foreheadand the rear portion of this headband spans the rear of the person'shead. In an example, the front and rear portions of the headband can beat substantially the same height when the person is standing upright. Inan example, the side portions of the headband can dip below the heightof the front and rear portions of the headband. In an example, anundulating headband can be sinusoidal, with the lowest points of thesinusoidal waves above the person's ears. In an example, an undulatingheadband can be sinusoidal, with the lowest points of the sinusoidalwaves directly above the person's ears. Other relevant variations andcomponents discussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure orprior disclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be appliedto this example.

FIG. 40 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:a forward-upward sloped headband (including rear portion 4001 and frontportion 4002) which is configured to be worn around a person's head andalso ear prong (4003) which engages the perimeter of the person's outerear; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors (including 4007 and4008) which are configured to be held in proximity to the person's headby the undulating headband, wherein these electromagnetic energy sensorscollect data concerning electromagnetic activity of the person's brain;a wireless data transmitter and/or receiver 4004; a data processor 4005;and a power source 4006. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, the front portion of an undulating headband can be higherthan the rear portion of the undulating headband. In an example, thefront third of an undulating headband can have a uniform first height,the rear third of the undulating headband can have a uniform secondheight, and the middle third of the headband can be an arcuatetransition from the first height to the second height. In an example,the first height can be between 1″ and 3″ higher than the second height.In an example, the front third of an undulating headband can berelatively level and the rear third of the undulating headband can berelatively level.

In an example, the front portion of an undulating headband can beconfigured to span across a person's forehead. In an example, the rightand left side portions of the undulating headband can be configured todip down to within 1″ of the person's right and left ears, respectively.In an example, the rear portion of an undulating headband can span therear of the head at the level to which the right and left side portionsdip down. In an example, the right and left side portions of theundulating headband can be attached to right and left ear prongs,wherein each ear prong partially encircles the perimeter of the person'souter ear and/or the connection between the main body of the head andthe outer ear. In an example, the ear prongs frictionally-engage theperson's outer ears and help to hold the undulating headband in place.Other relevant variations and components discussed in other portions ofthis concurrent disclosure or prior disclosures incorporated herein byreference can also be applied to this example.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) device comprising: a forward-upward sloped headbandwhich is configured to encircle a person's head; an ear prong which isconfigured to engage a portion of the perimeter of an outer ear; atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity tothe person's head by the forward-sloped headband or the ear prong,wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic brain activity; a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; adata transmitter; and a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.

In an example, a front portion of the headband can be higher than a rearportion of the headband. In an example, the front third of the headbandcan have a first average height, the rear third of the undulatingheadband can have a second average height, and the first height can bebetween 1″ and 3″ higher than the second height. In an example, a frontportion of the headband can be configured to span across the person'sforehead. In an example, right and left side portions of the headbandcan be attached to right and left side ear prongs, and each ear prongcan partially encircle the perimeter of an outer ear and/or theconnection between the main body of the head and the outer ear. In anexample, right and left side portions of the headband can be attached toright and left side ear prongs and each ear prong can engage therear-facing surface of an outer ear.

FIG. 41 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:a partially-circumferential headband (including rear portion 4101, frontportion 4102, and ear-perimeter-engaging member 4103) which spans aportion of the circumference of a person's head, including a portion ofthe person's forehead; a plurality of electromagnetic energy sensors(including 4107 and 4108) which are configured to be held in proximityto the person's head by the headband, wherein these electromagneticenergy sensors collect data concerning electromagnetic activity of theperson's brain; a wireless data transmitter and/or receiver 4104; a dataprocessor 4105; and a power source 4106. In an example, this device canhave a symmetric configuration on the other side of the person's head,which is not shown here.

In an example, a rear portion of a partially-circumferential headbandcan extend rearward from a person's right and left ears, loopingcompletely around the rear of a person's head from the right ear to theleft ear. In an example, right and left front portions of apartially-circumferential headband can extend forward from a person'sright and left ears, respectively, partially extending onto the rightand left sides of a person's forehead, respectively, but not completelyspanning from the right ear to the left ear. In an example, the rightand left front portions of a partially-circumferential headband can haveends which terminate on the right and left sides of a person's forehead,respectively, leaving a gap between them. In an example, this gap caninclude the center of the person's forehead.

In an example, a partially-circumferential headband can span between380% and 415% of the circumference of a person's head. In an example, apartially-circumferential headband can span between 60% and 80% of thecircumference of a person's head. In an example, apartially-circumferential headband can have an arcuate axial shape likethat of an ancient Roman laurel wreath. In an example, apartially-circumferential headband can be shaped like a horseshoe orlike the letter “U”, with upturned front ends. In an example, apartially-circumferential headband can loop around the sides and rear ofa person's head from the right side of a person's forehead to the leftside of the person's forehead, but not fully span across the person'sforehead. In an example, a partially-circumferential headband can fullyspan the rear of a person's head, between their ears, but only partiallyspan the front of the person's head.

In an example, a partially-circumferential headband can rest on top of aperson's ears. In an example, a partially-circumferential headband canspan the sides of a person's head above the person's ears. In anexample, a partially-circumferential headband can loop around the rearof a person's head at a substantially level height, pass over the topsof a person's ears, and then arc upwards and forward to terminalpositions on the sides of the person's forehead, stopping short of thecenter of the person's forehead. In an example, the right and left endsof a partially-circumferential headband can be on a person's foreheadabove the person's right and left eyes, respectively.

In an example, a side of a partially-circumferential headband can extendforward from a person's ear at an overall vector between the 1 o'clock(30 degree) vector and the 3 o'clock (90 degree) vector. In an example,a front portion of a partially-circumferential headband can initiallyextend forward from a person's ear along a vector between the 2 o'clock(60 degree) and 3 o'clock (90 degree) vectors, and then curve upwardtoward the person's forehead along a vector between the 1 o'clock (30degree) and 2 o'clock (60 degree) vectors. In an example, a frontportion of a partially-circumferential headband can be configured to endbetween 25% and 75% of the way from a person's ear to the center oftheir forehead. In an example, this end can be within the range of 1″ to4″ above the top of the person's ear.

In an example, this headband can further comprise anear-perimeter-engaging member which curves around the rear of a person'sear to better hold the headband in place. In an example, thisear-perimeter-engaging member can span between the 7 o'clock (210degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, thisear-perimeter-engaging member can span between the 9 o'clock (270degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, thisear-perimeter-engaging member can also be attached to an earlobe. Otherrelevant variations and components discussed in other portions of thisconcurrent disclosure or prior disclosures incorporated herein byreference can also be applied to this example.

FIG. 42 shows an example of how this invention can be embodied in awearable device for measuring electromagnetic brain activity comprising:a headband (or halo) 4201; a rearward ear-engaging member 4202; afrontal ear-engaging member 4203; a plurality of electromagnetic energysensors (including 4207, 4208, 4209, and 4210) which are configured tobe held in proximity to the person's head by the headband (or halo),wherein these electromagnetic energy sensors collect data concerningelectromagnetic activity of the person's brain; a wireless datatransmitter and/or receiver 4204; a data processor 4205; and a powersource 4206. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, a headband (or halo) can encircle a person's head,including spanning at least a portion of the person's forehead. In anexample, a headband (or halo) can span the center of a person'sforehead. In an example, a headband (or halo) can encircle a person'shead, from rear to front, at a height above a person's ears when theperson is standing upright. In an example, a headband (or halo) canencircle a person's head, from rear to front, at a height (or heights)within 1″ to 4″ from the height of a person's ears (when the person isstanding upright). In an example, a headband (or halo) can encircle aperson's head, from rear to front, at a distance (or distances) within3″ to 6″ from the top of the person's head. In an example, a headband(or halo) can encircle a person's head at a substantially uniform heightwhen the person is standing upright. In an example, a headband (or halo)can encircle a person's head at a substantially uniform distance fromthe top of the person's head.

In an example, a headband (or halo) can have a shape which is selectedfrom the group consisting of: circle, oval, ellipse, and egg-shape. Inan example, a headband (or halo) can be made from a metal or a polymer.In an example, a headband (or halo) can be gas permeable (e.g.breathable) and/or liquid permeable. In an example, the perimeter of aheadband (or halo) can further comprise a spring or other tensile memberwhich holds the headband (or halo) against the surface of the person'shead. In an example, the perimeter of a headband (or halo) can furthercomprise a spring or other tensile member which causes the headband toexert (modest) pressure against the surface of the person's head tobetter hold the headband on the person's head and/or better hold theelectromagnetic energy sensors in proximity to the surface of theperson's head.

In an example, a headband (or halo) can be stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable. In an example, one or more sections of the perimeter of aheadband (or halo) can be stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable. In anexample, the perimeter of a headband (or halo) can comprise one or moresections with a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and one or more sections with a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is greater than the first degree. In an example, the rear portionof the perimeter of a headband (spanning the rear of the person's head)can have a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and the front portion of the perimeter of the headband(spanning the person's forehead) can have a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is greater than the first degree. In an example, the rear portionof the perimeter of a headband (spanning the rear of the person's head)can have a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and the front portion of the perimeter of the headband(spanning the person's forehead) can have a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is less than the first degree.

In an example, a headband (or halo) can rest on the top portions of aperson's ears (or the top portions of the tissue which connects theouter ears to the main body of the head). In an example, a rearwardear-engaging member can be configured to curve around (and frictionallyengage) a rear portion of the perimeter of a person's outer ear. In anexample, a rearward ear-engaging member can curve around (andfrictionally engage) a person's outer ear between the 6 o'clock (210degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, a rearwardear-engaging member can curve around (and frictionally engage) aperson's outer ear between the 8 o'clock (210 degree) and 12 o'clock (0degree) vectors. In an example, a rearward ear-engaging member can beconfigured to span between 20% and 50% of the perimeter of a person'sear. In an example, a rearward ear-engaging member can be configured tobe attached to a person's earlobe.

In an example, a frontal ear-engaging member can be configured to curvearound (and frictionally engage) a front portion of the perimeter of aperson's outer ear. In an example, a frontal ear-engaging member cancurve around (and frictionally engage) a person's outer ear between the12 o'clock (0 degree) and 4 o'clock (120 degree) vectors. In an example,a frontal ear-engaging member can curve around (and frictionally engage)a person's outer ear between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 2 o'clock (60degree) vectors. In an example, a rearward ear-engaging member can beconfigured to span between 10% and 30% of the perimeter of a person'sear.

In an example, a headband (or halo) can be configured to receive theside frame of a pair of eyeglasses so that this headband (or halo) canbe worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a headband (orhalo) can further comprise an opening which is configured to receive theside-piece of an eyeglass frame so that this headband (or halo) can beworn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example, a headband (or halo)can further comprise a clip or other attachment mechanism to which theside-piece of an eyeglass frame can be attached so that this headband(or halo) can be worn in combination with eyeglasses. In an example,headband (or halo) can further comprise an indentation, groove, or trackinto (or against) which the side-piece of the side-piece of an eyeglassframe can be placed so that this headband (or halo) can be worn incombination with eyeglasses. Other relevant variations and componentsdiscussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure or priordisclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be applied to thisexample.

FIGS. 43 and 44 show two sequential views of another example of how thisinvention can be embodied in a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity. This example includes a movable loop.FIG. 43 shows a view of this example at a first time wherein a movableloop with one or more electromagnetic energy sensors is configured toloop around the rear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head. FIG.44 shows a view of this example at a second time wherein the movableloop has been moved so that it is configured to loop around the person'sforehead.

FIGS. 43 and 44 show an example of a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity comprising: a rear loop 4301 which isconfigured to loop around the rear portion and/or upper-rear portion ofa person's head, from the right ear to the left ear (or vice versa); afrontal ear-engaging member 4302 which is configured to curve around atleast a portion of the front of an ear; a rear ear-engaging member 4303which is configured to curve around at least a portion of the rear ofthe ear; a movable loop (including joint 4307, stretchable portion 4308,and end portion 4309), wherein this movable loop has a firstconfiguration in which it loops around the rear and/or upper-rearportion of a person's head, wherein this movable loop has a secondconfiguration in which it loops across the person's forehead, andwherein this movable loop can be reversibly moved from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration; at least one electromagneticenergy sensor 4310 which is configured to be held in proximity to theperson's forehead by the movable loop in the second configuration,wherein the electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic activity of the person's brain; a wireless datatransmitter and/or receiver 4304; a data processor 4305; and a powersource 4306. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, a rear loop can span the rear portion and/or upper-rearportion a person's head, from one ear to the other, at a substantiallyuniform height when the person is standing upright. In an example, thisuniform height can be within 1″ of the height of the top of the person'sear. In an example, this uniform height can be within 1″ of the heightof the bottom of the person's ear. In an example, a rear loop can spanthe rear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head, from one ear tothe other, at a substantially uniform distance from the top of theperson's head. In an example, a rear loop can be configured to span therear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head at a height which islower than the top of the person's ear, but above the height of thebottom of the person's ear. In an example, a rear loop can bestretchable, elastic, and/or expandable. In an example, selectedportions of a rear loop can be stretchable, elastic, or expandable. Inan example, a rear loop can further comprise teeth, prongs, combs, orprotrusions which engage the person's hair to better hold the rear loopin place.

In an example, a frontal ear-engaging member can be configured to curvearound (and frictionally engage) a front portion of the perimeter of aperson's outer ear. In an example, a frontal ear-engaging member cancurve around (and frictionally engage) a person's outer ear between the12 o'clock (0 degree) and 4 o'clock (120 degree) vectors. In an example,a frontal ear-engaging member can curve around (and frictionally engage)a person's outer ear between the 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 2 o'clock (60degree) vectors. In an example, a rearward ear-engaging member can beconfigured to span between 10% and 30% of the perimeter of a person'sear. In an example, a frontal ear-engaging member can further comprise aspeaker located near, or inserted within, the person's ear canal.

In an example, a rear ear-engaging member can be configured to curvearound (and frictionally engage) a rear portion of the perimeter of aperson's outer ear. In an example, a rear ear-engaging member can curvearound (and frictionally engage) a person's outer ear between the 6o'clock (210 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectors. In an example, arear ear-engaging member can curve around (and frictionally engage) aperson's outer ear between the 8 o'clock (210 degree) and 12 o'clock (0degree) vectors. In an example, a rear ear-engaging member can beconfigured to span between 20% and 50% of the perimeter of a person'sear. In an example, a rear ear-engaging member can be configured to beattached to a person's earlobe.

In an example, a movable loop can include a joint, hinge, or axle. In anexample, a movable loop can pivot or rotate around a joint, hinge, oraxle. In an example, the portion of a movable loop which is furthestfrom a person's ear can pivot or rotate around a joint, hinge, or axlewhich is within 1″ of a person's ear. In an example, the portion of amovable loop which is furthest from a person's ear can pivot or rotatearound a joint, hinge, or axle which is within 3″ of a person's ear. Inan example, a movable loop can be manually and reversibly moved from itsfirst configuration to its second configuration. In an example, a joint,hinge, or axle can be reversibly locked or unlocked, so as to reversiblylock a movable loop in its first configuration or second configuration.

In an example, a movable loop can have a first configuration in which itloops around the rear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head and asecond configuration in which it loops around (across) a person'sforehead. In an example, a movable loop can transition from its firstconfiguration to its second configuration by pivoting or rotating arounda joint, hinge, or axle. In an example, a movable loop can have a firstconfiguration wherein its longitudinal axis is parallel to a vectorbetween the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectorsand can have a second configuration wherein its longitudinal axis isparallel to a vector between the 1 o'clock (30 degree) and 3 o'clock (90degree) vectors. In an example, a movable loop can have a firstconfiguration wherein its longitudinal axis is parallel to a vectorbetween the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectorsand can have a second configuration wherein its longitudinal axis isparallel to a vector between the 1 o'clock (30 degree) and 3 o'clock (90degree) vectors.

In an example, a movable loop can be stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable. In an example, a movable loop can further comprise a firstportion with a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and a second portion with a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is less than the first degree. In the example shown in FIGS. 43and 44, the movable loop has a stretchable portion 4308 (with a greaterdegree of stretchability) and an end portion 4309 (with a lower degreeof stretchability). Having at least one stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable portion of a movable loop allows the loop to be more easilymoved from its first configuration to its second configuration. Havingat least one stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable portion of amovable loop can also enable to loop to hold one or more electromagneticenergy sensors more securely against a person's forehead in the secondconfiguration.

In an example, a stretchable portion of a movable loop can be an elasticband or strap. In an example, a stretchable portion of a movable loopcan include a spring mechanism. In an example, a movable loop caninclude telescoping members. In an example, telescoping members can beheld in tension by a spring mechanism so that they are compelled towarda contracted configuration in order to fit snugly against a person'shead. In an example, a movable loop can have a first perimeter distancein a first configuration and a second perimeter distance in a secondconfiguration, wherein the first distance is shorter than the seconddistance.

In an example, this invention can be embodied in a Brain ComputerInterface (BCI) device comprising: a rear loop which is configured toloop around the rear portion or upper-rear portion of a person's head,from a first side of the person's head to a second side of the person'shead; a rear ear-engaging member which is configured to curve around atleast a portion of the rear of an ear; a movable loop, wherein thismovable loop has a first configuration in which it loops around the rearor upper-rear portion of a person's head, wherein this movable loop hasa second configuration in which it loops across the person's forehead,and wherein this movable loop can be reversibly moved from the firstconfiguration to the second configuration; at least one electromagneticenergy sensor which is held in proximity to the person's head by themovable loop in the second configuration, wherein the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; a data processor which receives data from the at leastone electromagnetic energy sensor; a data transmitter; and a powersource which powers the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor, thedata processor, and/or the data transmitter.

In an example, a movable loop can further comprise a stretchable,elastic, and/or expandable portion. In an example, this device canfurther comprise a frontal ear-engaging member which is configured tocurve around at least a portion of the front of an outer ear. In anexample, this device can further comprise a joint, hinge, or axle aroundwhich the movable loop pivots or rotates. Other relevant variations andcomponents discussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure orprior disclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be appliedto this example.

FIGS. 45 and 46 show two sequential views of another example of how thisinvention can be embodied in a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity. This example is similar to the one justshown in FIGS. 43 and 44 except that a movable loop attaches to theframe of eyewear instead of a rear loop. FIG. 45 shows a view of thisexample at a first time wherein a movable loop with one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors is configured to loop around the rearand/or upper-rear portion of a person's head. FIG. 46 shows a view ofthis example at a second time wherein the movable loop has been moved sothat it is configured to loop around the person's forehead.

FIGS. 45 and 46 show an example of a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity comprising: eyewear 4501; a movable loop(including joint 4505, stretchable portion 4506, and end portion 4507),wherein this movable loop has a first configuration in which it loopsaround the rear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head, whereinthis movable loop has a second configuration in which is loops acrossthe person's forehead, and wherein this movable loop can be reversiblymoved from the first configuration to the second configuration; at leastone electromagnetic energy sensor 4508 which is configured to be held inproximity to the person's forehead by the movable loop in the secondconfiguration, wherein the electromagnetic energy sensor collects dataconcerning electromagnetic activity of the person's brain; a wirelessdata transmitter and/or receiver 4502; a data processor 4503; and apower source 4504. In an example, this device can have a symmetricconfiguration on the other side of the person's head, which is not shownhere.

In an example, a movable loop can include a joint, hinge, or axle. In anexample, a movable loop can pivot or rotate around a joint, hinge, oraxle. In an example, the portion of a movable loop which is furthestfrom a person's ear can pivot or rotate around a joint, hinge, or axlewhich is within 1″ of a person's ear. In an example, the portion of amovable loop which is furthest from a person's ear can pivot or rotatearound a joint, hinge, or axle which is within 3″ of a person's ear. Inan example, a movable loop can be manually and reversibly moved from itsfirst configuration to its second configuration. In an example, a joint,hinge, or axle can be reversibly locked or unlocked, so as to reversiblylock a movable loop in its first configuration or second configuration.

In an example, a movable loop can have a first configuration in which itloops around the rear and/or upper-rear portion of a person's head and asecond configuration in which it loops around (across) a person'sforehead. In an example, a movable loop can transition from its firstconfiguration to its second configuration by pivoting or rotating arounda joint, hinge, or axle. In an example, a movable loop can have a firstconfiguration wherein its longitudinal axis is parallel to a vectorbetween the 9 o'clock (270 degree) and 11 o'clock (330 degree) vectorsand can have a second configuration wherein its longitudinal axis isparallel to a vector between the 1 o'clock (30 degree) and 3 o'clock (90degree) vectors. In an example, a movable loop can have a firstconfiguration wherein its longitudinal axis is parallel to a vectorbetween the 10 o'clock (300 degree) and 12 o'clock (0 degree) vectorsand can have a second configuration wherein its longitudinal axis isparallel to a vector between the 1 o'clock (30 degree) and 3 o'clock (90degree) vectors.

In an example, a movable loop can be stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable. In an example, a movable loop can further comprise a firstportion with a first degree of stretchability, elasticity, and/orexpandability and a second portion with a second degree ofstretchability, elasticity, and/or expandability, wherein the seconddegree is less than the first degree. In the example shown in FIGS. 45and 46, the movable loop has a stretchable portion 4506 (with a greaterdegree of stretchability) and an end portion 4507 (with a lower degreeof stretchability). Having at least one stretchable, elastic, and/orexpandable portion of a movable loop allows the loop to be more easilymoved from its first configuration to its second configuration. Havingat least one stretchable, elastic, and/or expandable portion of amovable loop can also enable to loop to hold one or more electromagneticenergy sensors more securely against a person's forehead in the secondconfiguration.

In an example, the stretchable portion of a movable loop can be anelastic band or strap. In an example, the stretchable portion of amovable loop can include a spring mechanism. In an example, a movableloop can include telescoping members. In an example, telescoping memberscan be held in tension by a spring mechanism so that they are compelledtoward a contracted configuration in order to fit snugly against aperson's head. In an example, a movable loop can have a first perimeterdistance in a first configuration and a second perimeter distance in asecond configuration, wherein the first distance is shorter than thesecond distance.

In an example, a movable loop and eyeglasses (or other eyewear) can beintegral components of a single wearable device. In an example, amovable loop can be a separate device which is attached to eyeglasses(or other eyewear). In an example, a movable loop can be configured toreceive the side frame of a pair of eyeglasses (or other eyewear). In anexample, a movable loop can further comprise an opening which isconfigured to receive the side-piece of an eyeglass (or other eyewear)frame. In an example, a movable loop can further comprise a clip orother attachment mechanism to which the side-piece of an eyeglass (orother eyewear) frame can be attached. Other relevant variations andcomponents discussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure orprior disclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be appliedto this example.

FIGS. 47 and 48 show two sequential views of another example of how thisinvention can be embodied in a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity. This example is similar to the one shownin FIG. 41, except that it includes a movable arm which extends (e.g.telescopes) out onto the side of a person's forehead instead of amovable loop. FIG. 47 shows this example at a first time wherein themovable arm is in a first (withdrawn) configuration. FIG. 48 shows thisexample at a second time wherein the movable arm has been moved to asecond (extended) configuration onto the person's forehead.

FIGS. 47 and 48 show an example of a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity comprising: a partially-circumferentialheadband (including rear portion 4701, front portion 4702, andear-perimeter-engaging member 4703) which spans a portion of thecircumference of a person's head; a movable arm 4801, wherein thismovable arm has a first configuration in which it extends a firstdistance from front portion 4702, wherein this movable arm has a secondconfiguration in which it extends a second distance from front portion4702, and wherein the second distance is greater than the firstdistance; at least one electromagnetic energy sensor 4802 which isconfigured to be held in proximity to the person's forehead by themovable arm in the second configuration, wherein this electromagneticenergy sensor collects data concerning electromagnetic activity of theperson's brain; a wireless data transmitter and/or receiver 4704; a dataprocessor 4705; and a power source 4706. In an example, this device canhave a symmetric configuration on the other side of the person's head,which is not shown here.

In an example, the first distance can be zero. In an example, the seconddistance can be within the range of 1″ to 7″. In an example, a movablearm can be concentric with the front portion of a headband. In anexample, a movable arm can telescope into (or out of) the front portionof a headband. In an example, a movable arm can slid into (or out of)the front portion of a headband. In an example, a movable arm can bemanually moved from a first configuration to a second configuration, orvice versa. In an example, a movable arm can be automatically moved byan actuator from a first configuration to a second configuration, orvice versa. In an example, the end of a movable arm can be between 1″and 3″ from a person's ear in a first configuration and between 2″ and6″ from a person's ear in a second configuration. Other relevantvariations and components discussed in other portions of this concurrentdisclosure or prior disclosures incorporated herein by reference canalso be applied to this example.

FIGS. 49 and 50 show two sequential views of another example of how thisinvention can be embodied in a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity. This example is similar to the one justshown in FIGS. 47 and 48, except that a movable arm pivots out over theforehead instead of telescoping out over the forehead. FIG. 49 showsthis example at a first time wherein the movable arm is pivoted into afirst configuration near the person's ear. FIG. 50 shows this example ata second time wherein the movable arm has been pivoted into a second(extended) configuration onto the person's forehead.

FIGS. 49 and 50 show an example of a wearable device for measuringelectromagnetic brain activity comprising: a partially-circumferentialheadband (including rear portion 4901, front portion 4902, andear-perimeter-engaging member 4903) which spans a portion of thecircumference of a person's head; a joint 4908; a movable arm 4907,wherein this movable arm pivots and/or rotates around joint 4908,wherein this movable arm has a first configuration in which it is afirst distance from the center of the person forehead, wherein thismovable arm has a second configuration in which it is a second distancefrom the center of the person's forehead, wherein the second distance isless than the first distance; at least one electromagnetic energy sensor4802 which is configured to be held in proximity to the person'sforehead by the movable arm in the second configuration, wherein thiselectromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerning electromagneticactivity of the person's brain; a wireless data transmitter and/orreceiver 4904; a data processor 4905; and a power source 4906. In anexample, this device can have a symmetric configuration on the otherside of the person's head, which is not shown here.

In an example, a movable arm can pivot and/or rotate around a joint,hinge, or axle. In an example, a movable arm can pivot or rotate arounda joint, hinge, or axle which is within 1″ of a person's ear. In anexample, a joint, hinge, or axle can be reversibly locked or unlocked,so as to reversibly lock a movable arm in its first configuration orsecond configuration. In an example, this device can further comprise aspring or other tensile member which compels movable arm into closecontact with the person's forehead in the second configuration. In anexample, this device can further comprise a spring or other tensilemember which compels an electromagnetic energy sensor on movable arminto close contact with the person's forehead in the secondconfiguration. Other relevant variations and components discussed inother portions of this concurrent disclosure or prior disclosuresincorporated herein by reference can also be applied to this example.

FIGS. 51 and 52 show two sequential views of a wearable and mobile BrainComputer Interface (BCI) comprising: eyewear which further comprises—aside frame (5101), a front frame (5102), a joint (5104) on the sideframe, a movable loop (5103) which is configured to loop over the top ofa person's head or around back of a person's head in a firstconfiguration and which is configured to span across a person's foreheadin a second configuration, wherein the movable loop pivots and/orrotates around the joint from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration; one or more electromagnetic energy sensors (5105 and5106) which are part of, or attached to, the movable loop, wherein theseelectromagnetic energy sensors collect data concerning electromagneticbrain activity; a power source (5107); a data processor (5108); and adata transmitter and/or receiver (5109). FIG. 51 shows this device whenthe movable loop is in the first configuration. FIG. 52 shows thisdevice when the movable loop is in the second configuration. In anexample, this device can be symmetric, with symmetric components andstructure on the other side of the person's head.

In an example, the side frame of eyewear can be configured to span froma person's ear to a front frame. In an example, a rear portion of a sideframe can curve around the rear of the person's outer ear. In anexample, a side frame can be arcuate. In an example, a portion of a sideframe between a person's ear and a front frame can arc, curve, wave,and/or undulate upwards. In an example, a side frame can have adownward-facing concave portion. In an example, a front frame of eyewearcan hold one or more lenses. In an example, this eyewear can be a pairof eyeglasses. In an example, the front frame of eyewear can hold one ormore image displays. In an example, this eyewear can be virtual reality(VR) and/or augmented reality (AR) eyewear.

In an example, the joint around which a movable loop pivots and/orrotates can be located along the (rear to front) longitudinalmid-section of a side frame. In an example, a joint can be locatedwithin 2″ of the longitudinal mid-point of a side frame. In an example,a joint around which a movable loop pivots and/or rotates can be locatedalong the rear third of a side frame. In an example, a joint can belocated within 2″ of the rear end a side frame. In an example, a jointcan further comprise a locking mechanism which locks it in place when amovable loop is at a selected angle and/or in a selected position. In anexample, a joint can have restricted movement such that it restricts themovement of a movable loop so that the loop does not descend lower thana selected position on a person's forehead.

In an example, a movable loop can be made out of metal or a polymer. Inan example, a movable loop can be flexibly resilient. In an example, amovable loop can be made out of fabric. In an example, a movable loopcan be elastic, stretchable, and/or expandable. In an example, a movableloop can further comprise an elastic, stretchable, and/or expandableportion. In an example, a movable loop can further comprise atelescoping portion. In an example, a movable loop holds one or moreelectromagnetic energy sensors on a person's forehead when the loop isin the second configuration. Other relevant variations and componentsdiscussed in other portions of this concurrent disclosure or priordisclosures incorporated herein by reference can also be applied to thisexample.

I claim:
 1. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) device comprising: acontinuous undulating band which is configured to be worn on a person'shead; wherein the continuous undulating band further comprises a rearear-engaging segment, wherein the rear ear-engaging segment isconfigured to be worn on a first side of the person's head around atleast a portion of the rear-facing surface of the person's ear on thefirst side; wherein the continuous undulating band further comprises aside segment, wherein the side segment is configured to span on thefirst side of the person's head from the rear ear-engaging segment to aside portion of the person's forehead, and wherein the side segment hasa rear-facing concavity and a forward-facing peak; wherein thecontinuous undulating band further comprises a top segment, wherein thetop segment is configured to span on the first side of the person's headfrom the side segment to the top of the person's head; at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the rear ear-engaging segment, the side segment, or the topsegment, wherein the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor collectsdata concerning electromagnetic brain activity; a data processor whichreceives data from the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; adata transmitter; and a power source which powers the at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor, the data processor, and/or the datatransmitter.
 2. The device in claim 1 wherein this device furthercomprises rear ear-engaging, side, and top segments on a second side ofthe person's head opposite to the first side, and wherein first side andsecond side top segments connect at the top of the person's head.
 3. Thedevice in claim 1 wherein the side segment is configured to loop fromthe person's ear: at least two inches toward the person's eye; at leasttwo inches toward the center of the person's forehead; between onequarter and three-quarters of the way toward the person's eye; orbetween one quarter and three-quarters of the way toward the center ofthe person's forehead.
 4. The device in claim 1 wherein the side segmenthas a loop shape.
 5. The device in claim 1 wherein the side segment isconfigured to: (a) span in an undulating manner downward and forwardfrom a person's ear to a location on the side of a person's face, (b)then span in an undulating manner upward, and (c) then span in anundulating manner upward and rearward to a location above the ear on theside of the head.
 6. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) device comprising:a rear loop which is configured to loop around the rear portion orupper-rear portion of a person's head, from a first side of the person'shead to a second side of the person's head; a rear ear-engaging memberwhich is configured to curve around at least a portion of the rear of anear; a movable loop, wherein the movable loop has a first configurationin which the movable loop loops around the rear or upper-rear portion ofa person's head, wherein the movable loop has a second configuration inwhich the movable loop loops across the person's forehead, wherein themovable loop can be reversibly moved from the first configuration to thesecond configuration; wherein the movable loop further comprises a firstportion with a first level of elasticity or expandability and a secondportion with a second level of elasticity or expandability; and whereinthe second level is less than the first level; at least oneelectromagnetic energy sensor which is held in proximity to the person'shead by the movable loop in the second configuration, wherein the atleast one electromagnetic energy sensor collects data concerningelectromagnetic brain activity; a data processor which receives datafrom the at least one electromagnetic energy sensor; a data transmitter;and a power source which powers the at least one electromagnetic energysensor, the data processor, and/or the data transmitter.
 7. The devicein claim 6 wherein this device further comprises a frontal ear-engagingmember which is configured to curve around at least a portion of thefront of an outer ear.
 8. The device in claim 6 wherein this devicefurther comprises a joint, hinge, or axle around which the movable looppivots or rotates.